It is well known that the Gagauz people are a young-written people who acquired their written language in 1957. This event was a powerful impetus for the emergence and development of literature in the native language. A large proportion of the works by the writers of the Gagauz origin contains folk motifs and is written under the influence of ethnic traditions and folklore. The research has shown that different types of identity are reflected in the fiction of Gagauz people: regional, linguistic, religious, family, identity of a farmer and a cattle breeder. Such moral values as attitude towards elders and attitude towards work found wide coverage in the fiction of the Gagauz people. The formation of the picture of the world was also facilitated by works dedicated to various historical events in the life of the Gagauz people. Whileduring the Soviet era the number of readers among the Gagauz community was insignificant, in the post-Soviet period this number increased due to the processes of ethnic revival. The introduction in the school curriculum lessons on the Gagauz language and literature, as well as the subject „History, culture and traditions of the Gagauz people”, helps to expand the circle of readers and instill in them a sense of patriotism for their small homeland Budjak, stimulates interest for the traditions of the people. Gagauz fiction has performed and continues to serve as a translator of folk traditions. Its study allows not only to acquaint readers with them, but also to instill respect for the history and culture of their people, which undoubtedly contributes to the development of ethnic identity. In this context, the fiction of the Gagauz people can be called „the product of the spiritual activity of the ethnos”, and the books of the Gagauz writers published in the Gagauz language are elements of the cultural heritage of the people.