Chrysanthemums cascading style in Moldova
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2022-02-02 17:06
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VOINEAC, Ina. Chrysanthemums cascading style in Moldova. In: Genetica și fiziologia rezistenței plantelor, 21 iunie 2011, Chişinău. 2011, p. 86. ISBN 978-9975-78-994-3.
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Genetica și fiziologia rezistenței plantelor 2011
Conferința "Genetica şi fiziologia rezistenţei plantelor"
Chişinău, Moldova, 21 iunie 2011

Chrysanthemums cascading style in Moldova


Pag. 86-86

Voineac Ina
 
Botanical Garden (Institute) of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 10 aprilie 2020


Rezumat

Chrysanthemums occupy one of leading places in the landscape-gardening, thanks to their beauty, diversity of shapes and colors, ease of propagation, long fl owering, and the universality of application. Study results on the biological characteristics of chrysanthemums cultivation in the cascade culture and their selection as perspective varieties for Moldova. Are known various methods of growing chrysanthemums, for example, decoration of fl oral devices, for cut, in containerized culture, in the shape of the trunk, bonsai, in the cascade-style. Cascading style chrysanthemum is a technique that is getting the cascades of chrysanthemum small fl owers varieties, teeming with buds on the hanging shoots, abounding in infl orescences at the hanging shoots, obtained by a special shaping the bush, where a special variety of chrysanthemums tames growing not up but down, using crouching technique. Essentially, technique of formation of chrysanthemums in the shape of the cascade is named kengai or cascade-style. Firstly was obtained in 1915, in Japan. Subsequently, the method was extended to other countries, especially Germany and France. In Moldova, the method of chrysanthemums in the cascade culture was based on the selection of small fl owers varieties, recognized as perspective for cultivation in a cascade form, also elaborated corresponding agrotechniques, taking into account the local agro-climatic conditions. The studies were performed (2005-2008) in the laboratory of fl oriculture of Botanical Garden (Institute), Academy of Sciences of Moldova, according to modernized by the author of known methods, with reference to local conditions. Five varieties of chrysanthemums were tested. The main criterion for selection of varieties served their ornamental characteristics. The biological peculiarities of chrysanthemums cultivation were studied. In the experiments were tested the containers of dark polyethylene, the substrate composed of turf earth, humus, peat and river sand (1:1:1:0.5), also administered mineral and organic fertilizers too. The breeding of chrysanthemums for cultivation in cascade-style through the green cuttings in early March were used. By the end of April, were transplanted in the ground. The shoots were tied to the twine to thick, with one end at the base of the stem, and the second to a stake at a height of 45-50 cm, on the north side of the plant, so the sun’s rays fell to the main stem and caused his branching. The shape of the cascade was achieved through two pinching. First pinching was done in the presence of not less than 8-10 leaves, at a height of 25-28 cm. The fi rst two apical buds, the most vital, did not were pinched, allowing the stem to elongate. After 20-30 days, from the axils of the leaves developed shoots of second-order and, when are re-growing of them 4-6 leaves, was held the second pinched on the fourth leaf. Axillary shoots from the upper leaves are growing faster than the bottom, so they were pinched not simultaneously, the upper shoots growth succeeds for 5-6 days earlier than the lower ones. Final pinched was made two months before fl owering. In late September, the plants from open ground have been moved to a greenhouse where they were installed on the high supports. First time shoots were bent under its own weight, and to obtain the eff ect of the cascade form of chrysanthemum, they are not watered for several days, since less brittle shoots wilted under the weight of infl orescences, and within weeks was used reception crouching low over the shoots. Applying the cascade method of cultivation, the best result was achieved on the specimens of Red Burst with a length of shoots from 61 to 125 cm, which, on average, there were between 15 to 94 infl orescences. In the specimens of ‘Gold Cornfi eld’ was received from 13 to 45 infl orescences on shoots length from 50 to 80 cm. ‘Happy Childhood’, ‘Cyttere’, ‘Darkie’, cascade eff ect was located mainly in the lower part of the crown, which indicates of further experiments. In conclusion, for the cultivation of chrysanthemums in a cascade style, we must use the tall varieties that have a strong energy growth, with fl exible stems and buds, not exceeding a diameter of 2-4 cm.