The physiological and biochemical characteristics of cereal, legumes and sunflower which connected with grain quality and plant resistance to fungal diseases and abiotic stressors were studied. The methods of biochemical laboratory estimation of cereal resistance to fungal pathogens and drought and grain quality of legumes, barley and sunflower were developed using studied biochemical indexes. The advantage of new improved biochemical methods of breeding material estimation is its rapidity, controlled terms of estimation, high productivity and reproductivity. This methods enable a plant breeder to analyse a great quantity of genotypes at early stages of breeding at the most short term.