In our study, Romanian ethnic blouse – element of national identity, we presented in a synthetic, yet convincing manner the importance of this item of clothing, the Romanian ethnic blouse, for the definition and prominence of our national identity. We presented the etymology of this word, as well as its evolution in time, the composing elements of the national clothing, the main features of the ethnic blouse, its cut and types of ethnic blouses, the chromatic elements and the symbols of the popular motifs embroidered on it. We also presented synthetically the history of the Romanian ethnic blouse, indicating with the help of historical documents the moment when it appeared. Moreover, we presented types of ethnic blouses, depending on the geographical region and on the colours used to embroider it, its cut, also depending on its origin, on the features of each area, in order to distinguish the ethnic blouse on regions when it is worn. As for the presence of the symbols on the ethnic blouse, we focused on the cross, spiral, geometrical lines and shapes as well as on their Christian spiritual symbolism.