Agriculture has been and remains the most powerful balance factor in harmonizing the development of the economy of any state, including Romania. Moreover, for us agriculture remains the backbone of the national economy. The level of development of our country's agriculture is undoubtedly dependent on the natural and material resources that are highlighted by the diversity of the types and sizes of agricultural exploitations according to the geographic location, the relief and the climatic conditions characteristic for each particular area. Of course, everyone in the agri-food sector needs to step up the effort to get new generations of products, develop and apply appropriate technology, to produce them that would exclude or at least limit the risks and uncertainties. The article discusses the potential of Calarasi County, the evolution of the number and types of enterprises engaged in agriculture, their productivity, efficiency and effectiveness. The authors come up with some proposals that would help to ensure the optimal size of agricultural holdings according to the cultivated crops, their location and the necessary contributions that would ensure the sustainable growth of this sector of the national economy.