For a correct approach to sustainable development, knowing the contribution in time and space of production factors is a sine qua non condition for substantiating strategic decisions and using the available economic and social potential. Starting from the analytical and predictive capacity of the theoretical methodological tools of production functions, in the present research we used one of the most used forms, namely the Cobb-Douglas production function, formulated in 1928 by American economist Paul Douglas, together with mathematician Charles W. Cobb. We used this function in its homothetic form and in the non-embedded technical progress, pursuing analytical and predictive purposes regarding the contribution of capital and labor factors to the economic growth.  We are currently witnessing an accelerated growth in scientific and technical progress, which leads us to assert that the contribution of unprompted technical progress (institutional management and efficiency of the economy) can still be a factor with a very modest contribution to output growth, which what is a challenge for the smooth functioning of our market economy in the future due to factors influencing technological processes in agriculture and rural development, factors outside decision-making processes, especially under the current climate change conditions as well as multiple risks facing the current business environment.