Background: One of the most important among risk factors for active tuberculosis development represents diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was the assessment of the predictive factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in Xpert MBT/Rif resistant assay patients with diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: A retrospective, selective, descriptive and case-control study was performed. Were enrolled 119 pulmonary drug resistant tuberculosis patients, diagnosed and hospitalized in the Municipal Clinical Hospital of Phthysiopneumology of Chisinau city in the period of 01.01.201301.01.2015. The patients were distributed in 2 groups: the 1st group – 34 MDR-TB patients with diabetes mellitus and the 2nd – 85 MDR-TB patients. Investigations were performed according to the National Clinical Protocol – 123. Results: The biological characteristics of the pulmonary MDR-TB patients with diabetes mellitus were old age with associated diseases, which contributed to a lower treatment outcome. For MDR-TB groups were common social-economic vulnerability, late detection as symptomatic cases and a high treatment success rate. Conclusions: Patients with MDR-TB and diabetes mellitus need an individualized approach for an early TB detection and prompt initiation of the adequate treatment regimen according of the susceptibility testing results