The paper “Optimal allocation of factors of production in a vegetable farm” was made regarding the organization of agriculture in general on the teritory of Romania, as well as its management. The optimization of the production structure involves a right balance between the production and the factors of production allocated in order to maximize the profit or minimize the cost. For achieving these objectives, it is necessary to use various economical methods. The rapid adaptation to new production techniques is the result of a continuous increase in agricultural holdings in recent years. The modern activity of agricultural production has become more and more complex and the solution of the decisional problems becomes more and more difficult by using the traditional methods.