Relations between the Russian Federation and the European Union, two regional powers, have a privileged character, particularly deriving from secular evolution. The existence of many power centers today, including Russia and the European Union, can be explained through the policy of the XXI-st century, both by the international situation that was created with the collapse of the USSR and the socialist camp, and through the presence of geopolitical and geostrategic interests of many great contemporary actors in different parts of the world. Thus, this article makes an analysis of the EU's relations with the Russian Federation. There are also analyzed the main documents, both its positive and negative aspects and that refers to major juridical basis of relations between the two regional powers.