The long-eared owl (Asio otus) is a sedentary bird in Moldova and one of the most widespread in Europe. The trophic spectrum of A. otus was established during the winter and nesting periods in different regions of the Republic of Moldova in the period 2009-2022. During the digestion process the owl regurgitate the undigerable rests of eaten animals (bones, fur, feathers, insect chitin etc.) as pellets. The study of the pellets provides important data concerning the diet of prey birds, the small mammal fauna in the area, the density of small mammal species, their spreading etc. The small mammals and bat species were identified after the dentition, maxillary and mandibulary bones. In the northern area (Volodeni locality, Edineț district) the trophic spectrum of A. otus during the winter period consists only of rodent species. The field voles (genus Microtus) were dominant with over 70%, followed by the species genus Apodemus with 12.66%, A. agrarius with 7.59% and Mus species with 5.07%. In Unguri village (Ocnita district) the trophic spectrum of the long-eared owl in nesting period also consisted only of rodents. The most abundant were the Microtus genus species, constituting 73.02%. Mus genus species constituted 11.11%, the three species of Apodemus genus constituted about 15%, the dominant being A. sylvaticus with 8.73%, and Muscardinus avellanarius with less than 1%. In the urban ecosystems of Chisinau, the trophic spectrum of the A. otus was much more diverse and consisted of mammals of three orders (Soricomorpha, Chiroptera, Rodentia) and birds, of which the share of shrews was 0.81%, of bats – 0.2%, of birds – 2.55%, while the main trophic objects were the rodents - over 95%. The Microtus species dominated with 70.99%, followed the Mus species with 10.88% and A. sylvaticus with 10.34%. Other species of the genus Apodemus accumulated less than 4%. M. avellanarius and R. norvegicus had a share of only 0.13%. Among other mamals groups in the diet of long-eared owl from Chisinau representatives of shrews and bats have been registered in very low percent. The shrews were represented by 4 species (Crocidura suaveolens, C. leucodon, Sorex minutus, S. araneus) and the bats – by 2 species (Eptesicus serotinus and Vespertilio murinus). In the Sadaclia village (Basarabeasca district) from the southern part of the republic in the pellets mammals of the orders Soricomorpha, Rodentia and birds were identified. The dominant species were the field voles (Microtus), which represented more than half of identified animals, followed by the Apodemus species with 19.71%, and Mus species with 16.42%. Other species had a lower percent: A. agrarius (2.55%), Rattus norvegicus (0.73%) and Muscardinus avellanarius (0.37%). The birds had a rather high proportion – 9.49%, while the shrews, represented by one species C. leucodon – only 0.37%. Many rodent species are important pests to agriculture. The long-eared owl is a predator that exerts constant pressure on rodent density, thus regulating their number.