Действие температуры, недостатка влаги и их сочетание оказывают существенное и дифференцирующее влияние на изменчивость признаков мужского гаметофита сортов томата. Выявленные основные источники изменчивости пыльцы в стрессовых условиях. На основе выявленной вариабельности проведена дифференциация генотипов по уровню устойчивости. Полученные результаты позволяют вовлечь выделившиеся генотипы для дальнейшего использования в селекционных программах в качестве геноисточников устойчивости.

The aim of the research was to study the reaction of the male tomato gametophyte to the effect of the temperature factor, water deficit and their combination. A set of 11 tomato varieties was used in the study. These varieties were characterized by different levels of resistance to abiotic factors at the sporophyte stage. As a result of the experiments, it was found that the heating of pollen grains, their cultivation on a medium modelling the effect of water deficiency, as well as the coaction of these factors, differentially influenced the quality of the male gametophyte in different varieties of tomato. The main sources of the variability in male gametophyte characteristics are genotype, temperature, and water deficit. Temperature is a key factor in the variability of pollen viability, while the contribution of genotype and water deficit is 4.2 times lower. At the same time, the main factor determining the variability of the length of pollen tubes is water deficit. The genotypic component of the variability is also significant, but its values are lower. It was established that the conditions of the year can also have a significant effect on the pollen characteristics. Thus, the processing the data from three-year studies showed that 41.0% of the variability of the male gametophyte characteristics were determined by the conditions of the year, which is even a little higher than impact of experimental abiotic factors.