The increase in the share of energy produced from renewable sources in the energy balance presents itself as a strategic problem for world energy sector. The use of solar energy to produce electricity is possible everywhere. The purpose of this work is to analyze the factors that affect the efficiency of electricity production, as well as the development of theoretical aspects of increasing the efficiency of the operation of photovoltaic power plants. The research methodology is based on the complex analysis of the particularities of the conversion of solar radiation into electricity by photovoltaic cells, which are presented through ideal equivalent schemes and equivalent schemes that take into account the impact of temperature, the intensity of solar radiation and the partial shading factor of the photovoltaic cells. As a research tool it is proposed to perform the modeling of the characteristics of current-voltage and voltage - power of the solar panels and platforms with PV panels mounted. It presents the methodological aspects of the analysis of the energy production of the PV plants for different operating conditions, the results of the analysis of the electricity production of the PV plants in the world and the estimation of the influence of the main factors (temperature, the intensity of the solar radiation, the degree of shading) on the deviation of the characteristics of the photovoltaic cells. It has been proposed the concept and the general theoretical aspects regarding the elaboration of the mathematical model of the PV power station, which takes into account the influencing factors on the efficiency of electricity production. It has been shown that in the mathematical model the influence of the sun's motion on the celestial vault can be modeled by varying the intensity of the solar radiation depending on the positioning of the sun.