The purpose of the paper is to combine the complex geographical and paedological research of the „Saharna-Ţiglău” archaeological site in Rezina district of the Republic of Moldova, in order to assess the natural and anthropic characteristics. Originality of the subject: the study presents a first experience of combining archaeological research with geographic and paedological ones, applying the specific methods of investigation. Research methods:
The study was conducted on the basis of field research, by applying the comparative-geographic method and taking samples of rocks, fossils and soils, which were then analyzed under laboratory conditions. Humus was determined by the I. V. Tiurin method, modified by V.N. Simakova (applied in 3 repetitions), and Phosphorus by B. P. Macighin method (applied in 3 repetitions), in the laboratories of the Department of Soil Sciences, Geography, Geology, Forestry and Design of the Moldova State University.
The main results: The natural landscape of the “Saharna landscape reserve”, reflected by the current landscapes, is the result of a continuous and long-lasting interaction between the natural components on this territory. The landscape "Saharna" is original because in a very narrow territory there is a great diversity of natural conditions and ecosystems (the Dniester riverbed and valley, the Saharna gorge, the interfluvium (the Dniester Plateau). Therefore there are different ecosystems: aquatic, rock (petrophites), caves (cavernicles), forests, meadows, etc. These natural conditions create a favorable environment for humans and prerequisites for an old and probably continuously habitat. In the archaeological site the type of soil dominated is the typical humerus chernozem, formed under grassy vegetation, mostly loessoide clay. The results of the laboratory tests show an improper feature - the high humus content at the depth of 120-130 cm, the cause being the presence of an organic mass. The soil profile is not reversed, so it could not get here by mechanical action. Phosphorus raised to a depth of 50-60 cm can be explained by anthropogenic origin. This is also confirmed by the presence of mobile phosphorus at an even greater depth (120-130 cm), even with a concentration of 0.003%, which is an exception to the rules of paedogenetic processes.