Water resources are an important component of the sustainable development of any territories. Groundwater quality and quantity is very important for the south part of Republic of Moldova in the condition of the insufficient precipitation and surface water resources. This work was made for the review of and characteristic of groundwater potential of Danube and Prut River basins in the Republic of Moldova. The studied region is a part of Moldavian Artezian basin. Groundwater is presented by aquifers of all stratigraphy horizons. Groundwaters of good quality are found in all aquifers: quaternary and Pliocene alluvial deposits, Pontian sands, upper sarmatian and meotis sandy clay layers; middle Sarmatian congeria layer. Deeper aquifers have high mineralization. Groundwater of low Sarmatian layer is used in Cahul town as mineral waters for balneological purposes. Jurassic iodine bromine high mineralization groundwater has a practical interest too. The groundwater reserves for drinking water supply were obtained and approved for studied territory in the following values:  Pontian aquifer, Cahul, Giurgiulesti, Slobozia Mare, Valeni sites – 18,8 thousand m3 /day;  Upper Sarmatian aquifer, Cahul, Tartaul, Stoeanovca, Cietu, Gotesti -10,3 thousand m3 /day;  Middle Sarmatian aquifer, Cioselia Mare, Stoeanovca, Cania, Gotesti -10.6 thousand m3 /day. The approved reserve of mineral groundwater in Upper Sarmatian-meotis, upper Sarmatian, and low Sarmatian-Baden aquifers in Cahul town region has value of 700.0 m3 /day. The Useful ground water resources for balneological purposes are approved for Cahul and Gotesti sites in the value of 1645 m3 /day. Pontian aquifer is only reliable sources of the centralized water supply in studied region. This aquifer is heavily used by water supply point and operated borehole. Other aquifers are used by single operated boreholes and wells. The value of the mineable groundwater for water supply is 1440 thousand m3 /year for Cahul town and 770 thousand m3 /year for Cantemir town. The groundwater exploration occurs in the steady state for studied region. The groundwater level is increased to 6.45 m for Pontian aquifer in the comparison with 1978 year according to the information from the groundwater monitoring report. The decreasing of groundwater level in the interval 10 – 24 m is indicated for high Sarmatian – Meotis aquifer in the comparison with 1981 year. Middle Sarmatian aquifer is characterized by the decreasing to 10 m and increasing to 18.5 m of water level in the comparison with 1981 year. The general conclusion is that groundwater level fluctuation does not exceed the admissible calculated values obtained in the period of groundwater reserve determination in studied region. Based on the above mentioned information we can make a conclusion about relative sufficient groundwater reserves in Low Danube and Prut River basins.