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| Археология (937) |
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 SM ISO690:2012CIOBANU, Ion, SIMALCSIK, Angela, BEJENARU, Luminiţa, PÎRNĂU, Radu-Gabriel, AGULNICOV, Serghei, POPOVICI, Sergiu. Considerații preliminare privind cercetările arheologice și interdisciplinare de la Crihana Veche (raionul Cahul). Campaniile 2016 și 2017. In: Arheologia Preventivă în Republica Moldova, 2019, nr. 4, pp. 71-118. ISSN 2345-1394. |
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| Arheologia Preventivă în Republica Moldova | |||
| Numărul 4 / 2019 / ISSN 2345-1394 | |||
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| CZU: 902/904(478) | |||
| Pag. 71-118 | |||
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The article presents the results of the archaeological and interdisciplinary investigations on the estate of the Crihana Veche village (Cahul district), carried out within two archaeological campaigns (2016 and 2017). The research was carried out on seven burial mounds. Three burial mounds were excavated in 2016 and they had funeral complexes of various periods. In the tumulus 12, called Movila Gologan, 23 graves were discovered, belonging to several cultural-chronological horizons. The first is directly related to the grave 10 (Hadjider-Cernavoda I type). Probably, three ritual pits can be attributed to this level, in one of them being discovered a ceramic vessel. At the level of mantle I, a cenotaph (grave 12) was identified and in the vicinity – a broken vessel, probably of Foltești-Cernavoda II type. Graves no. 12, 19, 5, 1 and 9 belong to the Yamnaya culture (early phase) and represent the next chronological horizon, related to the mantle II. The mantle III was probably raised above the grave 16, secondary being dug graves 3, 4, 6, 8, 15 and 21, which form a semicircle in the southern part of the burial mound. These funeral assemblages can be attributed to the Yamnaya culture (late phase). The mantle IV was raised above grave 13 (Multi-relief-band Ware culture), later there being introduced the grave 14, belonging to the same culture. The Late Bronze Age is represented by graves no. 2, 11 and 18 of the Sabatinovka culture. Two Sarmatian graves (17 and 22) and a grave attributed to the late medieval nomads (grave 7) were also discovered. The research of the tumuli 5 and 5A near La Pietricei revealed funeral complexes belonging to the Yamnaya culture (two graves in tumulus 5), the Multi-relief-band Ware culture (a grave in tumulus 5A) and the Scythian culture (tumulus 5 – three graves, tumulus 5A – one grave). In addition to the estimation of the age at death and sex determination, paleoanthropological analysis has revealed many markers of the health status and the quality of life, musculoskeletal markers that provide information about the possible daily activities of those buried in the investigated graves, starting with the Eneolithic era until the Middle Ages. Besides the numerous bone and dental pathologies and traumas (either produced during life and healed, or cause of death), a number of cultural aspects such as double symbolic trephination with traces of infection (grave 7 of tumulus no. 12) also stand out. The archaeozoological analysis revealed the presence of animal skeletal remains in all three investigated mounds in 2016, as follows: grave 2 of tumulus 12 – Ovis aries/Capra hircus and Sus domesticus; grave 4 of tumulus 12 – rodent; grave 13 of tumulus 12 – Bos taurus; grave nr. 1 and 2 of tumulus no. 5 – Bos taurus; grave 4 of tumulus 5 – Canis familiaris (two canine teeth); grave 1 of tumulus 5A – Bos taurus. The archaeological excavations of 2017 were oriented towards the research of the burial mounds no. 13, 14, 16 and 18 from the central area of the Scythian necropolis near La Pietricei. As a result of the excavation of the mounds, 11 graves were revealed (of which five were disturbed in antiquity) and four semicircular ditches, which surrounded the central burials. At the western ends of the ritual ditches in tumuli 13 and 16, there were discovered remains of the funeral feast: a broken in pieces amphora, animal bones and compact agglomerations of sandstones. There were discovered in the graves spindle whorls, glass paste beads, earrings, knives, several arrowheads, a spearhead and a metal sword, as well as ceramic fragments. The human skeletal series which comes from these four Scythian tumuli investigated in 2017 consists of eight adults (seven males and one female) and three sub-adults. The characteristics of this segment are those, generally valid for the Scythian series, that have passed through the north-west-pontic regions, namely robust and slender constitution, high to very high skeletal stature, muscular and strong constitution, dolichocranic skulls, high and relatively narrow face, Nordoid typological features mixed with Eastern-Europoid elements. In one case, there are some Mongoloid features. In this skeletal mini-series, numerous muscular stress markers were identified, expressed by mechanical enthesopathies, including those of the rider and the archer. The animal skeletal remains, discovered either in the graves or in the filling of the pits, or in the ditches, or under the mounds, belong to domestic species, as follows: graves 1, 2 and 3 of tumulus no. 13 – Bos taurus; graves 1 and 2 of tumulus no. 14 – Bos taurus; grave 3 of tumulus 14 – Ovis aries/Capra hircus; graves 1 and 3 of tumulus no. 16 – Bos taurus; grave 2 of tumulus no. 16 – Ovis aries/Capra hircus; grave 1 of tumulus no. 18 – Equus caballus. The soil research aimed at the comparative study of the soils located under the mantle of the investigated burial mounds and in their proximity, as well as the location of the flattened mounds from the researched perimeter with the help of morphological and physico-chemical characteristics, such as soil colour, root frequency, apparent density, granulometry, the content of calcium carbonates. |
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| Cuvinte-cheie Crihana Veche (Cahul), tumuli, eneolitic, epoca bronzului, antichitate, Crihana Veche (Cahul), tumuli, Eneolithic, Bronze Age, antiquity, Крихана Веке (Кагул), курганы, энеолит, бронзовый век, античность |
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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc='http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/' xmlns:oai_dc='http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd'> <dc:creator>Ciobanu, I.T.</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Simalcsik, A.</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bejenaru, L.</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Pîrnău, R.</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Agulnicov, S.</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Popovici, S.S.</dc:creator> <dc:date>2019-12-27</dc:date> <dc:description xml:lang='en'><p>The article presents the results of the archaeological and interdisciplinary investigations on the estate of the Crihana Veche village (Cahul district), carried out within two archaeological campaigns (2016 and 2017). The research was carried out on seven burial mounds. Three burial mounds were excavated in 2016 and they had funeral complexes of various periods. In the tumulus 12, called Movila Gologan, 23 graves were discovered, belonging to several cultural-chronological horizons. The first is directly related to the grave 10 (Hadjider-Cernavoda I type). Probably, three ritual pits can be attributed to this level, in one of them being discovered a ceramic vessel. At the level of mantle I, a cenotaph (grave 12) was identified and in the vicinity – a broken vessel, probably of Foltești-Cernavoda II type. Graves no. 12, 19, 5, 1 and 9 belong to the Yamnaya culture (early phase) and represent the next chronological horizon, related to the mantle II. The mantle III was probably raised above the grave 16, secondary being dug graves 3, 4, 6, 8, 15 and 21, which form a semicircle in the southern part of the burial mound. These funeral assemblages can be attributed to the Yamnaya culture (late phase). The mantle IV was raised above grave 13 (Multi-relief-band Ware culture), later there being introduced the grave 14, belonging to the same culture. The Late Bronze Age is represented by graves no. 2, 11 and 18 of the Sabatinovka culture. Two Sarmatian graves (17 and 22) and a grave attributed to the late medieval nomads (grave 7) were also discovered. The research of the tumuli 5 and 5A near La Pietricei revealed funeral complexes belonging to the Yamnaya culture (two graves in tumulus 5), the Multi-relief-band Ware culture (a grave in tumulus 5A) and the Scythian culture (tumulus 5 – three graves, tumulus 5A – one grave). In addition to the estimation of the age at death and sex determination, paleoanthropological analysis has revealed many markers of the health status and the quality of life, musculoskeletal markers that provide information about the possible daily activities of those buried in the investigated graves, starting with the Eneolithic era until the Middle Ages. Besides the numerous bone and dental pathologies and traumas (either produced during life and healed, or cause of death), a number of cultural aspects such as double symbolic trephination with traces of infection (grave 7 of tumulus no. 12) also stand out. The archaeozoological analysis revealed the presence of animal skeletal remains in all three investigated mounds in 2016, as follows: grave 2 of tumulus 12 – Ovis aries/Capra hircus and Sus domesticus; grave 4 of tumulus 12 – rodent; grave 13 of tumulus 12 – Bos taurus; grave nr. 1 and 2 of tumulus no. 5 – Bos taurus; grave 4 of tumulus 5 – Canis familiaris (two canine teeth); grave 1 of tumulus 5A – Bos taurus. The archaeological excavations of 2017 were oriented towards the research of the burial mounds no. 13, 14, 16 and 18 from the central area of the Scythian necropolis near La Pietricei. As a result of the excavation of the mounds, 11 graves were revealed (of which five were disturbed in antiquity) and four semicircular ditches, which surrounded the central burials. At the western ends of the ritual ditches in tumuli 13 and 16, there were discovered remains of the funeral feast: a broken in pieces amphora, animal bones and compact agglomerations of sandstones. There were discovered in the graves spindle whorls, glass paste beads, earrings, knives, several arrowheads, a spearhead and a metal sword, as well as ceramic fragments. The human skeletal series which comes from these four Scythian tumuli investigated in 2017 consists of eight adults (seven males and one female) and three sub-adults. The characteristics of this segment are those, generally valid for the Scythian series, that have passed through the north-west-pontic regions, namely robust and slender constitution, high to very high skeletal stature, muscular and strong constitution, dolichocranic skulls, high and relatively narrow face, Nordoid typological features mixed with Eastern-Europoid elements. In one case, there are some Mongoloid features. In this skeletal mini-series, numerous muscular stress markers were identified, expressed by mechanical enthesopathies, including those of the rider and the archer. The animal skeletal remains, discovered either in the graves or in the filling of the pits, or in the ditches, or under the mounds, belong to domestic species, as follows: graves 1, 2 and 3 of tumulus no. 13 – Bos taurus; graves 1 and 2 of tumulus no. 14 – Bos taurus; grave 3 of tumulus 14 – Ovis aries/Capra hircus; graves 1 and 3 of tumulus no. 16 – Bos taurus; grave 2 of tumulus no. 16 – Ovis aries/Capra hircus; grave 1 of tumulus no. 18 – Equus caballus. The soil research aimed at the comparative study of the soils located under the mantle of the investigated burial mounds and in their proximity, as well as the location of the flattened mounds from the researched perimeter with the help of morphological and physico-chemical characteristics, such as soil colour, root frequency, apparent density, granulometry, the content of calcium carbonates.</p></dc:description> <dc:description xml:lang='ru'><p>В статье представлены результаты археологических и междисциплинарных исследований на территории села Крихана Веке (Кагульский район), проведенных в 2016 и 2017 годах. Исследование проводилось на семи курганных насыпях. В 2016 году были исследованы три кургана, под насыпями которых находились погребальные комплексы разных периодов. Под курганом 12, который назывался Мовила Гологан, было обнаружено 23 захоронения, относящиеся к нескольким культурно-хронологическим горизонтам. Первый напрямую связан с погребением 10 (типа Хаджидер-Чернаводэ I). Вероятно, к этому уровню можно отнести три ритуальных ям, в одной из которых обнаружен керамический сосуд. На уровне насыпи I был кенотаф (погребение 12), а поблизости – разбитый сосуд, вероятно, типа Фолтешть – Чернаводэ II. Погребения 12, 19, 5, 1 и 9 относятся к ямной культуре (ранний этап) и представляют следующий хронологический горизонт, связанный с насыпью II. Насыпь III, вероятно, была воздвигнута над погребением 16, затем в неё были впущены погребения 3, 4, 6, 8, 15 и 21, образующие полукруг в южной части кургана. Эти погребальные комплексы можно отнести к ямной культуре (поздний этап). Насыпь IV была сооружена над погребением 13 (культуры мнговаликовой керамики), позднее в неё было впущено погребение 14 той же культурной принадлежности. Поздний бронзовый век представлен погребениями 2, 11 и 18 (сабатиновская культура). Также были обнаружены два сарматских погребения (17 и 22) и одно позднесредневековое (7). Исследование курганов 5 и 5A в урочище Ла-Пьетричей выявило погребальные комплексы, относящиеся к ямной культуре (два погребения в кургане 5), культуре многоваликовой керамики (одно погребение в кургане 5A) и скифской культуре (курган 5 – три погребения, курган 5A – одно погребение). Помимо оценки возраста в момент смерти и определения пола, палеоантропологический анализ выявил различные показатели здоровья и жизнедеятельности, а также маркеры опорно-двигательного аппарата, повествующие о повседневной деятельности индивидуумов, начиная с эпохи энеолита и до позднего средневековья. В дополнение к многочисленным костно-зубным патологиям и травмам (возникшим во время жизни и излеченным, либо являющимся причиной смерти), также выделяется ряд культурных аспектов, таких как, например, двойная символическая трепанация со следами инфекции (курган 12, погребение7). Археозоологический анализ выявил наличие останков скелетов животных во всех трех исследованных в 2016 году курганах, а именно: погребение 2 кургана 12 – Ovis aries/Capra hircus и Sus domesticus; курган 12, погребение 4 – грызун; погребение 13 кургана 12 – Bos taurus; погребении 1 и 2 кургана 12 – Bos taurus; погребение 4 кургана 5 – Canis familiaris (два клыка); погребение 1 кургана 5А – Bos taurus. Археологические раскопки 2017 года были ориентированы на исследование курганов 13, 14, 16 и 18 в центральной части скифского некрополя в урочище Ла-Пьетричей. В результате раскопок курганов было обнаружено 11 погребений (из которых пять были разрушены в древности) и четыре полукруглых рва, которые окружали центральные гробницы. На западных концах ритуальных рвов в курганах 13 и 16 были обнаружены останки тризны: фрагменты амфор, кости животных и скопления камней. К инвентарю погребений относятся пряслица, стеклянные бусины, серьги, ножи, наконечники стрел, наконечник копья и железный меч, а также фрагменты керамики. Палеоантропологический анализ показал, что скелетная серия состоит из восьми взрослых индивидуума (семь мужчин и одна женщина) и трех детей. Характеристики этого сегмента населения такие же, что и у сообществ скифской культуры, прошедших через Северо-Западно Приченоморье, а именно: крепкое и стройное телосложение, скелет от большого до очень большого размера, физически мускулистое телосложение, долихокрания и относительно вытянутое лицо, типологические северные черты, смешанные с восточноевропейскими элементами. В одном случае появляются некоторые черты монголоидов. В этой скелетной мини-серии были идентифицированы многочисленные профессиональные показатели, выраженные механическими энтезопатиями, характерные для всадника и лучника. Фаунистические остатки, найденные либо в могилах, либо в ямах, либо в канавах, либо под насыпью курганов, принадлежат домашним видам, таких как: погребения 1- 3 кургана 13 – Bos taurus; погребения 1 и 2 кургана 14 – Bos taurus; погребение 3 кургана 14 – Ovis aries/Capra hircus; погребения 1 и 3 кургана 16 – Bos taurus; погребение 2 кургана 16 – Ovis aries/Capra hircus; погребение 1 кургана 18 – Equus caballus. Педологические исследования были направлены на сравнительное изучение почв, расположенных под насыпью исследуемых курганов и в непосредственной близости от них, а также на местонахождение распаханных курганов в исследуемом периметре с помощью морфологических и физико-химических характеристик, таких как цвет почвы, частота корней, кажущаяся плотность, измерение зерен, содержание карбонатов кальция.</p></dc:description> <dc:source>Arheologia Preventivă în Republica Moldova (4) 71-118</dc:source> <dc:subject>Crihana Veche (Cahul)</dc:subject> <dc:subject>tumuli</dc:subject> <dc:subject>eneolitic</dc:subject> <dc:subject>epoca bronzului</dc:subject> <dc:subject>antichitate</dc:subject> <dc:subject>Crihana Veche (Cahul)</dc:subject> <dc:subject>tumuli</dc:subject> <dc:subject>Eneolithic</dc:subject> <dc:subject>Bronze Age</dc:subject> <dc:subject>antiquity</dc:subject> <dc:subject>Крихана Веке (Кагул)</dc:subject> <dc:subject>курганы</dc:subject> <dc:subject>энеолит</dc:subject> <dc:subject>бронзовый век</dc:subject> <dc:subject>античность</dc:subject> <dc:title>Considerații preliminare privind cercetările arheologice și interdisciplinare de la Crihana Veche (raionul Cahul). Campaniile 2016 și 2017</dc:title> <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type> </oai_dc:dc>
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