It is well known that under certain conditions of the electrical discharge alloying process (EDA), on the treated metal surfaces coating layers are formed characterized by significant hardness and wear-, heat-, and corrosion resistivity. However, the EDA possibilities in creating stable performance of anticorrosion activity have been insufficiently studied so far; besides, there are certain shortcomings of the EDA when applied in the area mentioned. These were the reasons for the authors’ studies and analyses of several factors conditioning the formation of anticorrosion coatings and ensuring their efficiency in various media and under different conditions. Under examination were structure-phase factors influencing anticorrosion properties of the surface layers after the EDA. In addition, electrochemical version (protecting effect) of the anti- corrosion coating of the substrate. First, the EDA makes it possible to cover surfaces with a wide range of conducting materials with a higher corrosion resistivity than that of the surface, thus forming multi-layered coatings. In this case, one can speak about a shielding mechanism of anticorrosion protection. As a shielding material, one can use Al, the alloys of Al-Zn-Mg, and others. Second, during the EDA process, on the surfaces of samples from titanium, iron, copper, carbon steel, and some other materials, a white layer is formed whose structure cannot be recognized by usual etching agents. That white layer has high durability, micro-hardness, wear resistance but displays low anticorrosion activity. So, the authors have thoroughly examined the substructure of white layers formed on Ti, Fe, and Cu under different EDA conditions. As a result, it was found out that with the EDA there is a maximal distortion of the crystal lattice of the formed layer, which is revealed through a very high density of dislocation (1011…1012 cm-2), through the refinement of the mosaic blocks that is close to the utmost and by approaching the critical level of the hardening (in the case of Ti and Fe). Third, a series of the experiments and analyses demonstrated an opportunity to use the electrochemical mechanism of protecting titanium against corrosion after treating it by the EDA with nickel and palladium. The system Ti-Ni (mainly intermetallic compound Ti2-Ni and phase Ti4Ni2О) ensures stability and electrochemical activity of the layers formed on titanium under the action of the anodic leakage current in the chloride-alkaline media. The same is the performance mechanism in the systems Ti- С- Ni and Ti-Со. When Ti was treated with palladium its corrosion resistivity in hot solutions of sulfuric acid increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude, which is due to the presence of Pd and intermetallic Ti- Pd in the coating, which converts Ti a passive state. The synthesis of carbide and nitride coatings directly on the surfaces of Ti samples, while treated with graphite and titanium in the air, increased their corrosion resistance in sulfuric acid, at T=80о С, by1-3 orders of magnitude.