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SM ISO690:2012 CESIULIS, Henrikas, VERNICKAITE, E.. EMT 4 P Electrodeposition of copper-tungsten alloys. In: Materials Science and Condensed Matter Physics, Ed. 6, 11-14 septembrie 2012, Chișinău. Chișinău, Republica Moldova: Institutul de Fizică Aplicată, 2012, Editia 6, p. 273. ISBN 978-9975-66-290-1. |
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Materials Science and Condensed Matter Physics Editia 6, 2012 |
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Conferința "Materials Science and Condensed Matter Physics" 6, Chișinău, Moldova, 11-14 septembrie 2012 | ||||||
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Pag. 273-273 | ||||||
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The electrodeposition of pure tungsten and molybdenum coatings from tungstate solutions is hindered by the formation of an oxide layer on the cathode during electrodeposition. That oxide cannot be reduced to metallic tungsten directly because of the very low overvoltage for hydrogen evolution on tungsten. Hence, a further reduction to metallic tungsten does not proceed, and the entire current is consumed for hydrogen evolution. On the contrary, tungsten and molybdenum ions do co-deposit with iron group metals so that alloys containing a high content of refractory elements are obtained. This phenomenon is called by Brenner “induced co-deposition”. However, the Nernst potential for WO4 2- reduction to W in depends on pH and in the neutral and alkaline solutions it varies from -0.48V (at pH 6.7) to -0.74V (at pH10), therefore tungsten is possibly able to be codeposited with other metals. In this work the electrodeposition of Cu-W from citrate-ammonia solution at pH 6.7 was studied under potentiostatic conditions. The composition of solution is following: 0.05M CuSO4, 0.2M Na2WO4, 0.04M citric acid, 0.25M trisodium citrate. The effect of deposition potential (60°C) and temperature (at E=-1.2V) on tungsten content in Cu-W alloys is shown in Fig. 1 and 2, respectively.figureFig. 1. Content of W in the metallic phase of Cu-W alloys vs. electrodeposition potential (60°C). Fig. 2. Content of W in the metallic phase of Cu-W alloys vs. temperature of solution (E= -1.2V). Obtained Cu-W alloys are polycrystalline, and form the typical Cu-type cubic lattice of Fm-3m group. All peaks on the XRD diffractogram reveal the positions typical for copper with slight shifts of 2Θ (0.3-0.6° dependently on the position of peak). Such shift is caused by the substitution copper atoms in the lattice by tungsten. No separate oxide-containing phases were obtained during study by means of XRD. However, EDS analysis shows some oxygen, and its content correlates with W content in the alloys. That is probably due to the ability of oxygen to form a strongly bonded chemisorbed layer with tungsten almost without activation. Also, water can act as an oxidizing agent of tungsten. |
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