Dependence of Endangered Wetland Fish Species Umbra krameri Dniester Population from Hydropower Development
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TROMBITSKY, Ilya, MOŞU, Alexandr. Dependence of Endangered Wetland Fish Species Umbra krameri Dniester Population from Hydropower Development. In: MONITOX International Symposium “Deltas and Wetlands”, 15-17 septembrie 2019, Tulcea. Tulcea, România: C.I.T.D.D. Tulcea, 2019, pp. 46-47. ISBN 978-606-8896-00-7.
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MONITOX International Symposium “Deltas and Wetlands” 2019
Simpozionul "MONITOX International Symposium “Deltas and Wetlands”"
Tulcea, Romania, 15-17 septembrie 2019

Dependence of Endangered Wetland Fish Species Umbra krameri Dniester Population from Hydropower Development


Pag. 46-47

Trombitsky Ilya1, Moşu Alexandr2
 
1 ONG „Eco-Tiras Environmental Association of Dniester River Keepers",
2 Aquatic Genetic Resources Research Center "AcvaGenResurs"
 
Disponibil în IBN: 25 martie 2020


Rezumat

The European mudminnow Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792, is a species which was numerous three centuries ago, but its specific biology dealing with river-related wetlands became incompatible with changes, produced later by human activities (damming of rivers, irrigation and hydropower development). The species populates the only Danube and Dniester/Nistru river basins, and recent genetic research (Maric et al, 2016) has demonstrated that from 17 evaluated U.krameri populations the Lower Dniester one is most distant and specific. Thus, the contact between the Danubian and the Dniester populations took place long time ago and they are practically isolated. Being typical to marsh lands, oxbows and swamp regions, its biology is closely linked with the specific hydrological regime of the natural rivers, which have a spring floods, covering their shallow habitats. The eggs and larvae are producing in early spring time, when water is enough cold and the great majority of fish species still not spawn, and sharing with high waters to other habitats. Because mudminnow possesses the ability to breathe with the help of a swim bladder and survive for a long time in winter time with almost no oxygen dissolved in water, it could survive in shallow frozen reservoirs along with Misgurnus fossilis and Carassius gibelio, while other species of fish die under ice. Dead fish remnants form the basis for plankton development as the Umbra larvae fodder. The need condition for such cyclic reproduction of the Umbra is the every year spring floods. The European RDB treats U.krameri as Vulnerable A2c (2010), but the Dniester population looks the most endangered. From 1954, the hydro construction has started on the Dniester by the erection of the Dubasari HPP. Later, in 1980th, another big facility was constructed in Ukraine (Dnestrovsk Hydro Energetic Complex - DHEC), which significantly deteriorated the natural hydrologic regime by minimizing the spring floods. The European mudminnow almost disappeared from the Dniester and some ichthyologists stated that this population is lost at all (Movchan, 1995), so U.krameri remained only in Danube River basin. But in 2000, the small population was rediscovered near the Turunciuc branch as well as in channels in Dniester lower stream near Palanca and Maiaki villages (Trombitsky et.al., 2001). The current Umbra habitats are not numerous and fish survival fully dependent from the efficiency of the artificial spring discharges organized by the authorities, but frequently having not enough water to produce real flood. The effectiveness is more dependent from the precipitations, rather then water management decisions. We see the way to improve the effectiveness of spring water discharges by the raising the useful volume of DHEC reservoir for water collection, which will permit to accumulate more winter and spring waters. Because the 1987 DHEC management rules were created in time, when the long-term weather forecasts were not so accurate, the current ones could compensate the shorted preparation for floods period provoking by heavy rains. In general, the existence and status of U.krameri populations could be an indicator of HPP impact, but insurance of the population survival – the duty of both riparian states. Acknowledgement: Current work was realized in the frame of the Joint Operational Black Sea Programme 2014-2020, Project BSB 165 „HydroEcoNex”, with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.