The purpose of this study was to focused on the induction and synchronization of estrous in local breeds of sheep followed by artificial insemination or natural breeding. The study was carried out during September 2009- May 2010 in a private farm in Satu Mare county on 340 sheep divided into 2 groups: in group I (n=180 sheep) artificial insemination was performed and in group II (n=160 sheep) natural breeding was carried out. The hormonal protocol was as follows: insertion of the vaginal sponges impregnated with Flugestone acetate (Chronogest CR 20 mg) maintained for 14 days. On the day of vaginal sponge extraction each sheep was treated with 1000 IU PMSG (Folligon, Intervet) and 0.75 mg (1 ml) prostaglandin (Proliz, Farmavet). In group I most sheep exhibited estrous within 48-54 hours after vaginal sponge extraction (53.88%) and were artificially inseminated 48 hours after vaginal sponges removal. Regarding the group II estrous manifested 100% within 36-48 hours after sponge withdrawal and all animals were natural breeding. The animals were subjected to an ultrasonic gestation diagnosis at 30, 45, 55 days later. In group I, the twinning rate was 6.48% (7 sheep) and in 0.92% (1 sheep) of cases was observed a triple gestation, while in group II the twinning rate was 23.36% (32 sheep) and the triple gestation was 1.46% (2 sheep). The percentage of postpartum mortality recorded in group I was 5.93% (7 lambs) and in group II was 5.71% (10 lambs). Our results revealed that induction and synchronization of estrous showed economic advantages: shortening the time needed for the installation of gestation, the possibility of lambing distribution, preparation and organization of mating.