The anodic dissolution of the nitrated layer of steel 45 specimens at small depths after the chemical thermal treatment is studied. Investigations of the anode dissolution in 2 M NaCl were carried out using a rotating disk electrode with a partially isolated surface. The correlation between the macrokinetics of the anode processes and the technological parameters such as the roughness and microhardness of the nitrided steel surface is registered. The values of the minimal surface roughness and the maximal microhardness are shown to be almost equal to those of the initial surface prior to the treatment and be reached under high current densities (~50 A/cm2) and intense hydrodynamic modes of treatment, i.e., in a state of thermokinetic instability (upon the constant formation and destruction of surface layers induced by the critical temperature drop and a “thermal explosion”), which arises upon an excess of the anodic limiting current.