Benefits of the application of genetic engineering in agriculture (such as increased crop yields and quality, resistance to pests, disease and abiotic factors, reduced quantities of pesticides etc.) have led to an increased number of food products containing genetically engineered crops. Presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) on the market is a very controversial issue due to debates related their impact on the human health and environmental safety. In order to ensure the consumers right to make an informed choice and to provide accurate labelling on products GMO testing has become an important process. Due to lack of scientific studies, the presence of genetically modified organisms in the Moldavian food market is currently ambiguous. In this context samples collected from various markets in Moldova have been tested for the presence of specific gene sequences CaMV 35S promoter commonly incorporated into GM plants by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As biological material were used 31 samples of fresh and frozen vegetables produced in Moldova, Poland, Turkey, Ecuador, Syria: potato (6 samples), cucumber (3), sweet piper (3), tomato (2), carrots (3) and one sample of each of following vegetables banana, broccoli, cabbage, bean, green peas, pumpkin, lettuce salad, green onion, as well as samples of crops – maize (2), soya (2) and rape (2). The genomic DNA was isolated using Thermo Scientific GeneJET Plant Genomic DNA Purification Mini Kit. PCR amplifications and analyses were performed using a GeneAmp® PCR System 9700 thermocycler (Applied Biosystems). As positive control was used transgenic tobacco which contain the P35S sequence. Results indicated the absence of P35S sequence in the majority of analyzed samples. CaMV 35S promoter was only detected in 2 samples of soya and the positive results were confirmed by RT-PCR. Considering the presences of more gene-specific regulatory elements in GMOs it is clear that the exclusive use of the 35S CaMV promoter in screening could lead to false negative results. Thus, even if the allogenic sequence wasn’t identified in the most of samples from Moldavian market, more detailed investigations, for more than one transgenic event, have to be made.