The present investigation aimed to identify the intra- and interspecific genetic diversity and the histo-anatomical particularities of two Lavandula species: Lavandula angustifolia Mill., the varieties: Ellagance Pink, Ellagance Snow, Ellagance Purple, Vicenza Blue, Munstead, Grosso, Common English, and Lavandula stoechas L. For the histo-anatomical characterization, the roots, stems and leaves of Lavandula species were sampled in 70% alcohol. The sections were carried out by usual botanical techniques using the microtome and the botanical razor. The cross sections were stained with alum carmine and iodine green and photographed through a Novex microscope, equipped with an Olympus camera. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis has been performed on leaves fragments mounted on stubs and sputter-coated with gold-palladium followed by a TESCAN SEM Vega II microscope scanning. In cross-sections, the leaf has the same equifacial structure of the leaf blade and the mesophyll consists of only palisade parenchyma on both sides. On the leaf surfaces there are numerous protective and glandular trichomes. The steam cross-sections have a square shape with four prominent ridges, except for the Ellagance varieties, where the epidermis has exfoliating tendencies. The epidermis shows numerous protective and glandular trichomes. Total DNA purification was performed from dried leaves using the CTAB protocol, followed by a RAPD reaction using 4 out of 14 RAPD primers selected according to the number of the amplified polymorphic sites. The RAPD - PCR was performed in a 25 μl volume using the GoTaq Green Master Mix kit (Promega), followed by the separation of the amplicons in a 1,5% agarose gel electrophoresis. The gel images were transposed in binomial matrices followed by a FreeTree v.0.9 analysis based on the UPGMA method. The dendrogram of genetic distances shows that the studied species are split in two groups: the first one is represented by the L. stoechas species and the second group consists of the varieties of L. angustifolia, divided in four clusters, all of which have a common origin. The comparative genetic diversity and the histo-anatomical data indicate a clear differentiation between the two analyzed Lavandula species. The comparative anatomical studies revealed small, mainly quantitative differences between the species, while the molecular data allow a higher discrimination between the analyzed taxa