Oilseed crops are major sources of edible oil for human nutrition and for several industrial purposes. Besides the oilseed crops which dominate the international markets (palm, peanut, rapeseed, sunflower), many other minor oil-bearing plants such as mustard, flax, sesame are good resources of oil with potential applications in food, cosmetic, agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study is mobilization, research and conservation of some promising oilseed plants (Linum usitatissimum L., Sesamum indicum L., Carthamus tinctorius L., Sinapis alba L., S. nigra L., Ricinus communis L., Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.) in the Botanical Garden (Institute) from Chisinau, Republic of Moldova. The plants were obtained from seeds through international seed exchange and are maintaining in the experimental fields of Medicinal plant collection. The research activities are focused on biological characterization of existing germplasm and its conservation for further investigations in order to identify high yielding genotypes with improved quality and disease resistance. Oilseed plants involved in this study are annual, herbaceous species cultivated mainly for their protein-rich seeds and edible oil. But it is not insignificant their health benefits and therapeutic potential as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycaemic and anticancer agents, making them very important in future drug development. Climate and soil conditions of the Republic of Moldova are favorable for species involved in this research, the fact that leads to the opportunity for crop diversification at local level. All studied species were propagated by seeds sown in early spring (L. usitatissimum, C. tinctorius, S. alba, S. nigra), third decade of April (R. communis) and first decade of May (S. indicum). Perilla frutescens plants were propagated by seedlings grown in heated greenhouses and transplanted into open ground in the second or third decade of May depending on climatic conditions. The monitoring of experimentally grown plants under ex situ conditions revealed high adaptive potential, demonstrated by the realization of the entire ontogenetic cycle. They pass consecutively all ontogenetic phases, being observed a normal vegetative growth and a successful transition to the generative stages. The phenologic observations conducted over several years showed excellent plant growth with high vegetative expansion, abundant flowering and high quality seed production. Ex situ conservation maintain the investigated oilseed plants in healthy controlled conditions and facilitates access to the germplasm for breeders and farmers interested in their cultivation on a large scale. The future objective is enriching the existing gene pool of multipurpose plants, including oilseeds, for further utilization in breeding and research programs.