Translation peculiarities of terminology
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81'25 (127)
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GAINULINA, Marina. Translation peculiarities of terminology. In: Sesiune naţională de comunicări ştiinţifice studenţeşti: : Ştiinţe umanistice, 25-26 aprilie 2018, Chişinău. Chişinău: Centrul Editorial-Poligrafic al USM, 2018, SU, pp. 47-49.
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Sesiune naţională de comunicări ştiinţifice studenţeşti:
SU, 2018
Conferința "Sesiune naţională de comunicări ştiinţifice studenţeşti: Ştiinţe umanistice, 25-27 aprilie 2018: "
Chişinău, Moldova, 25-26 aprilie 2018

Translation peculiarities of terminology

CZU: 81'25

Pag. 47-49

Gainulina Marina
 
Moldova State University
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 26 august 2019


Rezumat

A term is a language unit that has a strictly limited sense in a particular branch of human knowledge or practical activity, the translator should bear in mind important properties of terms: terms must be systemic; they must be independent of a context; they must be, ideally, monosemantic; terms must have precise definitions; terms must he brief; they must be stylistically neutral.While translating it is necessary to use two groups of dictionaries: traditional translation linguistic dictionaries of terms (linguistic information connected with synonyms, peculiarities of form, derivation, combinability) and explanatory conceptual translation dictionaries of terms (conceptual information about respective notions) [1, p.74]. Borrowing is a common translation technique. It basically means that the translator makes a conscious choice to use the same word in the TT as it is found in the ST. This is usually the case when there is no equivalent term in the TL. Depending on where this code was created, some words will have a lot more prestige than others in a certain context. For example: generator in English and генератор in Russian, or cylinder in Polish and cylinder in English. Borrowed translation we can divide into transliteration which is changing letters, words and etc. into correspondence characters in another language. It is frequently used between Slavic and Latin alphabets, for example: English carburetor in Russian – карбюратор. The second form of borrowed translation is transcription. It is used when the term is written in the TL by pronunciation of this term in the SL. For example: bumper in English and бампер - in Russian. Translational equivalence is the similarity between a word or expression in one language and its translation in another. This similarity results from overlapping ranges of reference. [2, p.81]. There is an example of equivalence in English, Russian and Polish languages: electronic control unit in English, elektroniczna jednostka sterująca in Polish and электронный блок управления in Russian. These are one full level equivalents. Variant correspondences are used, when there could not be used full correspondence or there is not any equivalent of SL in the TL. For example, windshield is translated into Polish as szyba przednia, which only partially corresponds to English version, but in Russian it has an equivalent ветровое стекло. Periphrastic explanation is used in translation, when there is a term or word, that is common in SL, but needs to be explained in TL. The example we can see in English and Polish terms translation, e.g. kerb weight in English, but in Polish it has more explanations, ciężar własny pojazdu gotowego do jazdy. There could be used combined ways of translations, such as borrowed translation and equivalent or borrowed translation and periphrastic explanation. Transformation is the way of translation when language units are changed with the purpose of achieving faithfulness in translation [2, p.85]. There are several types of the transformations. The first we will consider is concretizing of meaning. This happens when in the SL the term has general meaning, but when rendering it into TL the meaning is concretized, e.g. bubble car in English it is the small car, but in Polish we can see concretization of meaning, e.g. samochód trzykołowy, that means the car has only three wheels. The opposite situation is with generalization of meaning, here the meaning is generalized, e.g. nieprawidłowa geometria nadwozia in Polish and misalignment in English. Additions are also used in transformations, to explain or concretize the meaning of TT, e.g. tourer – kabriolet ze składanym dachem, here in the TT is added some information to explain the meaning. Sometimes omission is used, when some information has to be omitted, e.g. balloon tyre – баллон. Sometimes it is necessary to change the grammatical form of TL term in order to fit all the requirements of grammar of TL, this is grammatical substitution, there can be changed the grammatical form, it can be seen between Polish and Russian, e.g. руль (masculine) and kierownica (feminine). We can conclude, that there are many ways of rendering and interpreting the information and meaning from SL into TL, these ways help us to adapt the text for TL‟s readers or listeners. Some of these ways are more frequently used, some of them are less used, but all of them are very important to provide an accurate translation.