The article presents the researches results carried out between 2016 and 2018 years regarding the humidity dynamics in the 1 m layer of calcareous chernozem. This indicator characterizes the useful water reserves at different stages of winter wheat plant development. It has been established that in the twinning phase of wheat plants the water reserves are satisfactory, at the flowering stage - small and at maturity - very small, which creates conditions of pedological drought in the soil. The nitric nitrogen content in the soil at the cultivation of winter wheat within 3 years at the twinning stage of plants, on the N120P3.5K60 variant was 2 times higher than in the control variant. The maximum nitrate content was on the fertilized variants in the 0-20 cm layer in the flowering and full maturity phases of the plants. The content of the mobile phosphorus in the soil at the twinning phase of the plants was maintained at 3.4-3.6 mg and gradually decreased to 2.0-2.8 mgP2O5/100 g of soil. Changing potassium content during winter wheat growing period was identical in both the control and the fertilized variants.