The development of methods and techniques to accelerate the decomposition of sewage from the production of nitrated cellulose (NC) at treatment facilities of industrial enterprises will allow to solve environmental problems associated with the accumulation of large amounts of the fire and explosive dangerous material in the pond-settling ponds and thereby reduce the negative impact on the environment. The biodegradation of NC with the content of N 13.38 wt% in a joint incubation with the bacteria Desulfovibrio desulfuricans [1] and fungi Fusarium solani [2], in the community of microorganisms of an active silt, and also in a variant of the preliminary treatment of NC with hard ultraviolet irradiation and ozone (UV+ozon) for 27 hours has been researched (NCtr). The incubation of NC with microorganisms was carried out for 36 and 65 days. Isolation of NC from the biodegradation reaction solution after its sedimentation was carried out with acetone. The amount of decomposed NC was determined by weight method after 5, 36 and 65 days of incubation. Several parameters were also measured during this study: the heat release kinetics in the thermal decomposition of products of the NC utilization after 36 and 65 days of incubation when used the automatic differential microcalorimeter DAC-1–2 [3] to estimate qualitatively the conversion of NC in the biodegradation reaction, pH, the nitrate and nitrite ion content, the viscosity of solution NC after microbiological treatment , the H, S, C, N quantity and the molecular weight distribution for the isolated and dried sample of NC after utilization [1,2]. It has been found that the preliminary treatment of the initial NCtr significantly changes the structure and promotes the further biodegradation of NC. The greatest degree of biodegradation was achieved when NCtr were coincubated on a F. solani culture with D. desulfuricans. The maximal reduction of the nitrogen content in a treat NC is achieved already after five days of microbiological treatment and at more great time of treatment does not change practically, which is promising from the point of view of practical application. For this variant of microbiological treatment of the NC with the bacteria D. desulfuricans and fungi F. solani, the heat release Qtot in the thermal decomposition reaction of NC subjected to microbiological treatment was 3620 J/g for 36 days compared with 4080 J/g for the original NC sample.