The study examines the cultural-propagandistic policy in Moldavian SSR in the 1960s to 1980s, in the context of a large campaign of denationalization and Russification, promoted by the communist regime due to tense relations with Romania, when the promotion of Moldavian national identity became the fundamental element of the cultural policy. It is ascertained, that in the context of the Soviet-Romanian disputes on historiographical issues, the official anti-Romanian policy was strengthened by the instigation to the fake „Moldavianism”, insistently cultivated in this period, based on the concept of „the two languages and two peoples”. The impact of this policy became apparent only in the conditions of independence of the Republic of Moldova.