Increased material strength improvement is achieved as the bulk of their physico-mechanical properties and the modifying treatment by coating the surface of protective and reinforcing coatings using concentrated energy sources. One of the areas of the modifying treatment is to provide a metal surface ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure (grain size up to 1000 nm), and the consolidated nanomaterials - NM - (grain size up to 100 nm) by applying a variety of methods films and coatings of metals, alloys and metallic compounds or severe plastic deformation or controlled crystallisation from an amorphous state. This trend is based on the fact that the mechanical properties of compact materials are largely related to grain size and the state of the grain boundaries constituting the structure of these materials. Said correlation is especially pronounced in nanocrystalline materials [1, 2]. In this paper we analyzed the essential characteristics of the method of spark alloying (ESA), management can ensure the formation of the NC and UFG surface layers of metallic materials, formulated the basic principles of formation of ultrafine and nanocrystalline structures with this method. Performed experimental studies on the application of NDT and UMP coatings on 45 steel and cast iron SCH18 have shown the effectiveness of the impact of processing conditions on the grain surface layer samples. By changing the electrical parameters of the ESD received the opportunity of the crystal structure of control unit of the surface layer coating hard alloy steel BK8 at 45 700 to 40 nm, while the share of nanocrystalline blocks (˂100 nm) in a total volume of between 5 and 50%. The effect of the change of technological parameters of the ESD in the investigated frequency range of the pulse block sizes 160 ... 1500 Hz:  - The tightening of the electric mode (increasing the pulse energy from 0.045 to 0.29 J) leads to an increase in size and decrease in the proportion of nano-sized blocks; - Increase in the specific duration of treatment from τ to 5τ reduces graininess, and an increase in their numbers; - The use of cemented carbide trims with nanozernistymi additives also reflected in the reduction of grain surface layer and increase the number of nano-sized blocks; - Treatment by using electrodes ESD of cemented carbide VK8 (grain size 1-3 mm) it promotes grinding carbide grains.