An advanced material for active impacts on atmospheric processes: ice-forming efficiency
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ZASAVITSKY, E.. An advanced material for active impacts on atmospheric processes: ice-forming efficiency. In: Materials Science and Condensed Matter Physics, Ed. 8-th Edition, 12-16 septembrie 2016, Chişinău. Chişinău: Institutul de Fizică Aplicată, 2016, Editia 8, p. 154. ISBN 978-9975-9787-1-2.
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Materials Science and Condensed Matter Physics
Editia 8, 2016
Conferința "International Conference on Materials Science and Condensed Matter Physics"
8-th Edition, Chişinău, Moldova, 12-16 septembrie 2016

An advanced material for active impacts on atmospheric processes: ice-forming efficiency


Pag. 154-154

Zasavitsky E.
 
Institute of the Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies "D. Ghitu" of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 29 iulie 2019


Rezumat

The impact on atmospheric processes in order to provide favorable conditions for human life or prevent damage from severe weather events is becoming increasingly important; a solution of this problem seems to be one of the most important future tasks of meteorology. A significant impact on the climate on both the global and regional scale can be exerted by artificial aerosols, which can act as cloud condensation nuclei. Introduction of ice-forming aerosols into clouds results in both the spatial and temporal variation in cloud condensation nuclei that can prevent the nucleation and growth of hail. The ability of an aerosol to act as a cloud condensation nuclei is determined by both the aerosol size and the chemical composition. Therefore, the development of novel systems based on advanced materials generating active ice-forming nuclei is an urgent and promising direction.   The stand designed and constructed at the Gitsu Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies of the Academy of Science of Moldova [1] was used to conduct tests of the efficiency of an ice-forming composite propellant based on polyvinylchloride thermoplastic material designed at "Stroyproject" LTD [2]. The combustion rate of this material makes it suitable for use as the mid-flight engine; thereby, the efficiency of hail suppression can be significantly increased to provide the reliable protection of agricultural crops and industrial facilities against hail. Combustion of full-sized mid-flight rocket engines was conducted in a horizontal aerodynamic tunnel designed for the simulation of flight conditions (air-stream velocity of up to 30 m/s) during aerosol generation by a pyrotechnical composition (dynamic mode). Actual temperature modes (–3 to –150C) and humidity conditions were provided in an ILKA KTLK-1250 cloud chamber.   Analysis of the results showed that the yield of active ice-forming nuclei during the combustion of full-sized mid-flight rocket engines is ~1014 g–1 at a supercooled model fog temperature of 100C. These high yields can be explained as follows. One of the main parameters that determine the iceforming properties of particles is dispersion. During the generator operation, this characteristic depends on the ratio between the generator motion speed and the exit velocity of the gas-vapor jet from the generator nozzle. In addition, this dependence of the yield of ice-forming nuclei exhibits a nonmonotonic behavior. Taking into account the high combustion rate of rocket propellants in the main mid-flight engine, it can be stated that the generated particles have a geometric mean radius and a diameter of more than 0.04 m; this feature provides intense ice nucleation at a temperature of –100C and, accordingly, high ice-forming efficiency.   Thus, it has been shown that use of a composite propellant based on polyvinylchloride thermoplastic material as the main mid-flight engine provides the high-efficiency seeding of hailhazardous clouds with artificial nuclei and, as a consequence, the suppression of hail-formation processes in potentially hazardous clouds.