This article is dedicated to the research of the nature and content of the military body of the state from a politological perspective. A particular emphasis is placed on the social and political, military and economic, military and diplomatic, military and scientific activities, as well as on the objectives determining the functioning of the state military body. This article outlines the fact that the military body is determined by the economic, social, spiritual and ideological, and political relations. Highlighting the main types of the state military bodies allows the authors to approach the content and nature of this social phenomenon from politological positions. The article particularly emphasizes that one of the most important tasks of the Republic of Moldova is promoting a complex military reform, as well as upgrading the military system, updating the structure, and improving the training system of the military personnel.