Biological aspects of varieties of blackberry Chester and thornless evergreen
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2023-08-29 15:54
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LOZINSCHII, Mariana. Biological aspects of varieties of blackberry Chester and thornless evergreen. In: Conservation of plant diversity, Ed. 4, 28-30 septembrie 2015, Chișinău. Chișinău: Gradina Botanica (Institut), 2015, Ediția 4, p. 74. ISBN 978-9975-3036-8-2.
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Conservation of plant diversity
Ediția 4, 2015
Simpozionul "Conservation of plant diversity"
4, Chișinău, Moldova, 28-30 septembrie 2015

Biological aspects of varieties of blackberry Chester and thornless evergreen


Pag. 74-74

Lozinschii Mariana
 
Botanical Garden (Institute) of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 15 mai 2019


Cuvinte-cheie
Rosaceae, Rubus, variety, vegetation, resistance


Teza

Growing more widely the shrubs of the less cultivated species, addressed in this paper, is motivated in particular, by the importance of their fruit, due to its high content of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and resistance of this species to low temperature, diseases and pests and their ability to exploit the worthiness of lands. [1] Cultivars Chester and Thornless evergreen belong to the genus Rubus. Rubus is one of the most diverse genera in the plant kingdom with approximately 740 species (Gu et al., 1993). Blackberries are a native crop in North America and Europe (Crandall, 1995). Interest in blackberry phenolics has increased owing to their roles as antioxidants and the possible beneficial implications in human health, such as in the treatment and prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease and other pathologies (Jennings et al., 1990). The cultivar Chester belongs to the genus Rubus fruticosus, but the cultivar Evergeen - to Rubus laciniatus, multiplied in vitro in the Laboratory of Biotechnology and Embryology of the Botanical Garden (Institute) of the ASM. [2]  These varieties are semi-shrub creepers, forming canes of up to 6-8 meters long. Fruit bud differentiation occurs in the first year of life. Lateral buds form a series of anticipated shoots that can reach a length of 2-3 m. Because of the less developed mechanical tissue, these plants cannot support themselves and need to be trained on trellis. Taxa differ in biological characteristics of the plant: repent shoots – Thornless evergreen, semi-erect – Chester; the cultivar Evergreen is characterized by greater vigor and Chester is semi-vigorous. Vegetation period lasts 180 days.  Rest period: 6 months (OctoberMarch). Chester cultivar with a semi-erect habit needs for self-support 2-3 string trellis placed at least 70 cm above the ground, the variety Thornless evergreen requires 3-4 trellises, fences are also recommended, green decorative arches can be formed. Thornless evergreen cultivar has an ornamental decorative appearance keeping leaf ornament throughout the year. In soil, these cultivars form a vigorous rhizome that further increases in that form annually, but, at the same, time cause the plant to have a good resistance to drought and frost.            Bud awakening occurs in March and flowering of both varieties occurs in the 3rd decade of May until the first decade of July.  The plant may produce more shoots, but, for a better harvest, around 4-6 fruit shoots per plant remain, others are removed.  Primary shoots grow about 6-8 meters long and their tips can be cut off, in the 2nd year, they develop second-order shoots bearing a large terminal corymb inflorescence. For Thornless evergreen variety were determined on average 70 sprout flowers on bush, but for Thornless evergreen variety – 60 each floral sprig, by 50 flowers on each floral sprig for Thornless evergreen and 25-30 flowers for Chester, 80% of which reach maturation (produce fruit) for Thornless evergreen, but for Chester cultivar – 85-90%. It is noted the contrast of the number of drupes in fruits of these 2 varieties, 80-90 drupes in the fruits of Chester variety and 70 drupes in the fruits of Thornless evergreen. The existing varieties are diploid and self-fertile culture. Fruits are polidrupes (aggregate fruits), consisting of several closely united drupelets and floral receptacle which is part of the fruit. A fruit of Chester cultivar weighs 5 g and a fruit of Thornless evergreen variety – 4.5-5 g. The color of fruits is bright purplish-black. Sweetish taste is characteristic of Evergreen cultivar and sweetish sour – of Chester.  Fruit ripening occurs in the second decade of July, the first decade of September. Fruit harvesting is done with floral receptacle. The productive potential: 10-20 t / ha. Duration of economic exploitation of plantations – 15-20 years.                The described cultivars are grown in the collection of the Botanical Garden (I) of the ASM. In a periodic research that lasted four years, any diseases of leaves, shoots and fruits have not been detected, as the plants were not damaged by pests, fact which confirms that multiplication by modern biotechnological methods serves as a safe platform to obtain a healthy biological material.