The preliminary synthesis of the new grape genome was certainly initiated in the USA by A.P.Wylie (1868-’71), who was the first to obtain the F1 hybrids from the cultivated species Vitis vinifera L. (2n=38, Euvitis subgene) and the American spontaneous species – V.rotundifolia Michx. (2n=40, Muscadinia subgene). Through the backcrossings of the F1 hybrids (N.C.- 6-15; N.C.- 6-16) with the European and local varieties R.T.Dunstan (1962-’64) has created the F2 hybrids – the so called DRXs: DRX -58-5; DRX-55; etc. in the USA too. Here is the end of the stage of the new grape genome’s preliminary synthesis, which has resulted in creation of 2 generations (F1,F2) of distant hybrids, with a somatic number of chromosomes 2n=39, i.e. two complete haploid sets (n=19 and n=20) from the parent species – V.vinifera and V.rotundifolia, respectively. The key problem caused by the high sterility of the distant hybrids, which hampered their involvement in the improvement process has been resolved by us by performing the intensive backcrossings under the in-situ conditions, with fresh pollen or with that conserved in liquid nitrogen. These were the backcrossings that started and urged continuation of the biochemical reactions of a true synthesis of the new grape genome. In 1982, based on the DRX-55 hybrid, a „plant mule” with 2n=39, under the in-situ conditions the first backcross was conducted with the hybrid Aramon x V.riparia. As a result, the first 32 indigenous hybrids were created in Moldova. 15 backcrossings of the DRX-55 hybrid with Seyve Villarii, initial species, polyploid forms and V.vinifera varieties were performed in 1984. Therefore, 412, and totally 444 distant indigenous hybrids were created, which made up conventionally F3 or the BC2 population. The synthesis itself of the new grape genome started and resulted in the partially fertile hybrids of F3 under the in-situ conditions in the NIWW, and under the ex-situ conditions at the Botanical Garden (I.) of the SAM and in the NIWW as well. The appearance and presence of the normal pollen grains in the pollen sacs along with the sterile grains proved that namely here, at this moment, the final stage of the process itself of the true synthesis of the new genome started and took its course, which got realized under the ex-situ conditions under the interaction of the internal and external factors. In 1987 in the F3 hybrids, which started yielding, the process of the new genome synthesis quickened, by conducting 2 backcrossings with hybrids of Seyve Villari: DRX-M3-90 x S.V.20-366 and DRX-M3-232 x S.V.-12-309. As a result, it was created a new population of the distant hybrids in the number of > 200, which has made up F4 or the BC3 progeny. From the backcrosses with F4 as a mother plant (♀), while the various European varieties were father plants (♂), approx. 80 plants have been obtained, conventionally F5 or the BC4 progeny. The F5 generation was planted in 2001 on the experimental land plot of the NIWW. In the third year, some of the hybrids blossomed and judging from the normal size and form of the pollen grains, similar to that of the standard hermaphrodite grape varieties, we assert that the meiosis flows without any disorders, and the fertility according to the size of the grapes of the F5 distant hybrids was reestablished additionally. Hence, it was the first time in the world that the new grapevine genome synthesis was performed successfully, that is the haploid set of –n=19 was reconstituted from the chromosomes of the genome of V.vinifera –n=19 and the chromosomes of the species of V.rotundifolia-n=20, the value of which is absolute resistance to disease and phylloxera. The synthesogenesis of the synthetic species and the elimination of the single chromosome, the scandalous 39th „troublemaker”, from the karyotype (nucleus) in the cytoplasm, which is a cause of the pollen sterility and the zero fertility of the ovules in F1, F2 and partially in the hybrids of F3 and F4 took place under the effect of the backcrossings. Thus, the unique process of synthesis was performed in 5 main stages, which flowed consecutively and ended with the complete, irreversible and definitive synthesis of the new grape genome.