A new variety of basil vegetable (Eugenol) in the conditions of central region of Russian Federation
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2022-11-10 12:13
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TEMIRBEKOVA, S., MALAKHOVA, E., AFANASYEVA, Yu.. A new variety of basil vegetable (Eugenol) in the conditions of central region of Russian Federation. In: Conservation of plant diversity, Ed. 4, 28-30 septembrie 2015, Chișinău. Chișinău: Gradina Botanica (Institut), 2015, Ediția 4, p. 45. ISBN 978-9975-3036-8-2.
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Conservation of plant diversity
Ediția 4, 2015
Simpozionul "Conservation of plant diversity"
4, Chișinău, Moldova, 28-30 septembrie 2015

A new variety of basil vegetable (Eugenol) in the conditions of central region of Russian Federation


Pag. 45-45

Temirbekova S., Malakhova E., Afanasyeva Yu.
 
FSSI “All-Russia Selection-Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery”
 
Disponibil în IBN: 14 mai 2019


Cuvinte-cheie
basil vegetable, eugenol, anthocyanin color, fragrance of lilacs, harvest, weight of 1000 seeds


Teza

Introduction. Basil eugenol - Ocimum gratissimum L. belongs to the family Lamiaceae, native to tropical Africa. The generic name is derived from its ancient Greek name - ocimon. It is widely distributed in the south of the continent, and some adjacent islands, where it forms the natural perennial shrub thickets [1]. It is known as the East Indian basil, woody basil, clove basil [1]. It is widely grown in Moldova, Ukraine, it is also a favorite spice in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Ocimum gratissimum is an important essential oil and spicy culture. It’s young green leaves contain ascorbic acid, carotene, rutin, tannins. Also leaves contain 0,5-0,8 % of essential oil on wet weight, the inflorescences contain 0,4-0,9 % of essential oil on wet weight, and up to 5 % of essential oil on the dry weight. The main component of the essential oil (90 %) is eugenol. Ocimum gratissimum is a good honey plant [1]. The aim of our research was the introduction, the comprehensive study and selection within the culture of basil eugenol in the conditions of the Moscow region. During 2009-2013 in the Center of the gene pool and bioresources in Russian Selection and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Sciences Academy (Mikhnevo, Stupin district, Moscow region) was performed phenological observations, surveys and selection of basil eugenol. This cultivar was obtained by mass selection from a population of local varieties, has been introduced and cultivated in the private areas of the Yaroslavl region. The initial sample was obtained from world seed’s collection of N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry. As a result was created vegetable (eugenol) basil cultivar named Zhemchuzhina Podmoskovja. Authors: Temirbekova S.K., Malakhova E.I., Kulikov I.M. et al. Morphological and economically valuable Characteristics of the variety The plant is erect, high (110-120 cm), medium density. The mass of the plant – 370 g. Stem has average anthocyanin pigmentation with small hairs. The number of flower shoots (in full bloom) more than three. The leaves are medium, elliptical, medium length and width, with an average of anthocyanin coloration, toothed medium depth, marked by powerful rosette of leaves. The flowers are purple in color, collected in spiciform inflorescences at the ends of shoots. Length of inflorescence – 10-12 cm. In conditions of Moscow region the plant blooms in July, flowering lasts for 1,5 months. Seeds ripen in late September. Seeds are small, oblong, smooth, dark brown. Weight of 1000 seeds 1,1- 1,5 g. Seeds remain viable for 5-7 years. All aboveground biomass emits a strong, pleasant scent of lilacs. The cultivar has early maturation. Noted abundant accumulation of green biomass even in poor sod-podzolic soils. The cultivar is resistant to diseases and pests. Productivity of basil vegetable (eugenol) green biomass is 3,5-9,0 kg/m2. Soil for planting should be nutritious and light in texture. Sowing should be carried out at the beginning of May and in the open ground [1]. Seeds are buried to a depth of 0,5 cm at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. Seeding rate – 0,5-0,6 g/m2. Seedlings emerge in 10-12 days. In dry weather Ocimum gratissimum need watering. Harvesting for food purposes spend 2-3 times per season, prior to or at the beginning of flowering, when the young shoots and leaves are fragrant and rich in ascorbic acid (15-25 mg/100 g), carotene - 7,0-10,0 mg/100 g, routine – 5,3 mg/100 g. When the stems have length near 10-12 cm they should be cut, tie in a bunch for transport or storage. During the period of mass flowering shoots become stiff. At the bottom left vase life of. After cutting leave 1-2 pairs of leaves and the plants fed and loosen the soil in rows. Basil grows well in the ranks. If necessary, the shoots are dried for storage and future use. For permanent consumption shoots may be cut as needed throughout the summer. Green biomass dried in bunches at t 0C not exceeding 35 0C. Green biomass often ground into powder for making spice. Created cultivar Zhemchuzhina Podmoskovja is suitable for cultivation and seed production in the Central region, where most prevalent wet weather conditions during the growing season and seed maturation. Seeds harvesting is carried out in late September when they are blackening and drying of more than half of the bracts. Seed yield in excessively humid 2013 amounted 8,0-15,0 g/m2, in 2014 – 30-45 g/m2. After drying, the seeds must be threshed, cleaned of debris and finally dried. Basil is a crosspollinated plant. If there are several varieties must be complied spatial isolation or grow one variety. The cultivar Zhemchuzhina Podmoskovja differs consistently high yield, resistance to abiotic and biotic stress factors and recommended for cultivation in the central region of the Russian Federation.