Following our taxonomic studies in the garlic flora of the Republic of Moldova [1], and within the framework of the project of the Allium treatment for the Flora of Bessarabia (vol. VI, in prep.), we compared the material with the plants deposited in the existing herbaria and samples collected from the natural habitats during 2011-2014. Along with the rare and threatened A. podolicum (Aschers. et Graebn.) Błocki ex Racib., a new species of garlic for the flora of Republic of Moldova – Allium fuscum Waldst. et Kit. was registered in the central (Zloti village, district Cimislia, Landscape reservation “Carbuna” – N 46° 42' 02", E 28° 54' 41") and southern parts of the country (Vadul lui Isac village, district Cahul, Flamanda natural forest reservation – N 45° 44' 46", E 28° 15' 53"). The collected material of plant species is deposited in the Herbarium of the Botanical Garden (Institute) of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. The designation of Habitat types was made according to NATURA 2000 on the basis of scientific criteria defined in Annex III of the Directive [2]. The estimation of the threat status of the species for the territory of R. Moldova is made according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2001, 2003) [3, 4]. Like most species of section Codonoprasum Koch (genus Allium L.) with main distribution in southern and eastern Europe, these two species grow in arid habitats, but each of them having their own preferences. Allium podolicum grows on arid limestone gravelly slopes in the northern parts of the country, in a habitat – Sub-pannonic steppic grasslands (6240), in fact it is known from two localities in Rashcani district. Allium fuscum was collected from the azonal white-oak dominated woods with a submediterranean flora – Eastern white oak woods (91AA). Allium fuscum Waldst. et Kit. – Critically Endangered species CR B2ab (ii,iii). In Republic of Moldova, it grows in the southern half of the country near commune Vadul lui Isac (Valul lui Traian wall), Cahul district and Zloti, Cimishlia district. Species grows on cernoziomic arid slopes, forest glades with steppic grassland vegetation, in groups of 10-20 specimens. The population is represented by specimens of different ages; the density is 5 to 10 plants per one square meter. Allium podolicum (Aschers. et Graebn.) Błocki ex Racib. – Critically Endangered species CR B2ab (ii,iii,iv). In Republic of Moldova, it can be met in the northern part of the country near communes of Varatic and Horodiste (Rashcani district). Species grows on calcareous arid slopes with petrofilous vegetation, solitarily or in groups of 3-10 specimens, rarely it forms clusters. The population is stable, represented by specimens of different ages; the density amounts up to 10 plants per one square meter [1]. On the basis of estimated conservation status according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria [3, 4], we propose A. fuscum [CR B2ab(ii,iii)] and A. podolicum [CR B2ab(ii,iii,iv)] to be included in the next edition of Red Book of the Republic of Moldova and in the List of vascular plants protected by national law. Both species are met in the Priority habitat types: 6240 (Sub-pannonic steppic grasslands) and 91AA (Eastern white oak woods) which are in danger of disappearance and whose natural range mainly falls within the territory of the European Union [2]