Vânători Neamţ Natural Park and Neagra Bucşani Rezervations are two protected areas established in 1999, as a site of nature 2000 ecological network, with both community and avi-faunistic protection importance, one of its main purpose being the release of the bison in its natural environment. The european bison is characterised by a low level of genetic variability and became extinct 90 years ago (Pucek, 1991). To describe genetic diversity of european bison we performed an intrapopulational and intraspecific analysis of breed’s representatives by mitochondrial gene polymorphism. The mitochondrial DNA control region, was used as a matrilineal marker. The mitochondrial control region (D-loop) genes sequences were identified for 25 individuals. Thepresent study includes also 4 NCBI references sequences, used for the variability evaluation. The sampling process refers to blood, hair, powdered bones and skin. The samples was loaded in Queen’s Lysis buffer (Seutin et al., 1991) and stored in 98% ethanol for the DNA isolation and purification using the DNA IQ kit (Promega). The control region PCR was performed in a 25µl reaction volume containing GoTaq Green Master Mix (Promega), direct and reverse primers, DNA and nuclease free water, up to 25µl. The sequencing proces was performed using the Beckman Coulter CEQ 8000 Genetic Analysis System and the sequences were analysed using Clustal W (Thompson et al., 1994) in the MegA 6.0 (Tamura et al., 2011) phylogenetic package. In the present study, the polymorphism and genetic variation of 850bp D-loop sequences were analysed and 8 haplotypes were identified by DnaSP 4.50.3 software (Rozas J. et al., 2003), with a haplotype diversity (Hd) of 0.5271. A total of 14 nucleotide polymorphic sites were detected. The average number of nucleotide differences was kt: 1.33498. The value for nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.00086. The absence of 100% similarity may point to a future rise in the population’s diversity. The presence of mutations associated with differentiations process may indicate a future increase in the b. bonasus species genetic diversity level. This work was supported by the strategic grant POSDRU/159/1.5/S/133652, (co- financed by the European Social Fund within the Sectorial Operational Program Human Resources Development 2007 – 2013