In this article we examine the process of institutionalization of commercial affairs in Odessa, a Russian port on the shores of the Black Sea. The main attention is given to the juridical and legislative aspects of the problem. We endeavor to show a comparative perspective on the evolution of commercial institutions in Odessa, with respect to other cities of Russian Empire. Our conclusion is that Odessa beneficiated not only from legal possibilities, but also by special dispositions, which granted it the right of establishing commercial institutions within the city. This was undoubtedly the result of the expectations the imperial government invested in this seaport. On the other hand, this fact contributed to the commercial prosperity of Odessa, and its affirmation as a seaport of European importance.