This paper presents the study of the xylophagic attack that affects an XVIII-th century icon, part of national cultural heritage, especially after the preliminary consolidation and cleaning treatments. The paper also wishes to determine a mix consolidation, anti fungal and ecological varnishing protocol that will be able the stop the xylophagic attack and the evolving deterioration and degradation effects that are currently affecting both the wooden support and the painting layer. In order to accomplish all this, the following optical methods were used to determine the nature and the extent of the attack, and the defining anatomical characteristics of the xylophagic species that have attacked the icon: optical microscopy (UV and IR) and SEM. In both the preliminary consolidation process, and also in the definitive cleaning, structural and polychrome reintegration process, followed by anti fungal treatments, new physical and chemical systems were used, with minimum impact on the restorer, the surrounding environment and the icon taken into study.