Environmental pollution can affect human health depending on the extent and degree of exposure to environmental factors. In most cases, it is difficult to get a precise picture of a population’s exposure to harmful factors. Health is determined by: human biology; social and economic welfare; ecological factors; determined by the health care system. Depending on regional characteristics, the ratio of these factors can vary, but not significantly. The risks coming from the environment that affect the health persist everywhere and play an important role in promoting and preserving health. The state of health of the population in Orhei and Teleneşti districts was studied in the period 2009-2014. The main causes of death of the population in Orhei district are: heart diseases, which constitute 55.7 percent; tumours – 14.4 % and digestive diseases – 13.1%; in Teleneşti district the cardiovascular diseases constitute 56.2%, the digestive - 12.2%, tumours - 12.1%. The general prevalence rate in the population from Orhei district, compared to 2009, decreased by about 7.3%. The most common diseases are: cardiovascular – 19.0 percent; respiratory - 15.2% and digestive - 14.8%. The respective index for Telenesti district diminished by 2.9% compared to 2009. Here, the cardiovascular diseases constitute 19.7% of the total, the respiratory diseases – 16.7% and the digestive –13.7%.