Nano technological innovations supporting water safety and security
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VASEASHTA, Ashok. Nano technological innovations supporting water safety and security. In: Ecological and environmental chemistry : - 2017, Ed. 6, 2-3 martie 2017, Chișinău. Chisinau, Republic of Moldova: Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 2017, Ediția 6, p. 198.
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Ecological and environmental chemistry
Ediția 6, 2017
Conferința "Ecological and environmental chemistry 2017"
6, Chișinău, Moldova, 2-3 martie 2017

Nano technological innovations supporting water safety and security


Pag. 198-198

Vaseashta Ashok
 
Necunoscută, SUA
 
Disponibil în IBN: 18 martie 2019


Rezumat

Introduction: Water is fundamental to sustaining life globally. To support human body functions, water is critical for homeostasis, maintaining equilibrium between exogenous and endogenous water, regulating metabolism and temperature, filtering toxins… just to name a few. Despite the abundance of water globally, access to clean drinking water is becoming scarce at a rapid rate for multiple reasons with urbanization being the foremost. From a security standpoint, drinking water distribution systems are largely exposed and vulnerable to intentional and/or inadvertent introduction of contaminants. Such contaminants range from routine to non-traditional chemical agents, toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), and/or toxic industrial materials (TIMs). These realities put us at risk because our adversaries can exploit the vulnerability. Exploitation of a water supply’s point-of-intake is the most likely threat, but not the only one. Security threats, urbanization, and inconsiderate and malevolent acts by some individuals and organizations to discharge untreated waste in water streams increase water-stress both in large cities, as well as many regions of the world, including with less infrastructure and support. With increasing dependence of water infra-structure on computer network, cyber threat remains one the prime threat vectors for water treatment plants. Although some water treatment facilities now use a dual-line water system with motorized, RF-controlled valves, these systems can be hacked remotely. From safety standpoint, population growth and its associated demand on water supply poses a significant challenge in maintaining adequate water quality in various sectors. It is estimated that water-borne contaminants within untreated water are responsible for causing 1 out of every 5 children to die before the age of 5, overall 450 million missed school days, and $125 B in worker productivity worldwide. These facts, coupled with security threats pose global challenge in terms of safety and security arising from water sources. Most water-stressed and lower per capita income regions also suffer additional socio-political issues. It is thus extremely important to monitor, control, and mitigate contaminants using state-of-the-art materials, technologies and strategies to maintain “water quality” - typically defined as physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water in relationship to a set of standards. Unfortunately, definition of water quality varies from country to country and is non-existent for certain countries. Water quality is a rather complex subject and is intrinsically tied to regional ecology, application, and point-of-use. The presentation outlines nano-technological innovations as to how well we can sense, detect, isolate, and mitigate CBRN threats to water supplies. From security standpoint, the presentation will outline various directives that protect critical infrastructures and agencies that lead on protecting water supplies that include the Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC) for the secure transmission of threat information and other sensitive data.

Cuvinte-cheie
water, safety, Security, Sensors, critical infrastructure