Ionic liquids (ILs) have long been known to possess many useful properties and have a high potential for application as alternative to classic solvents, electrolytes in batteries and fuels cells, lubricants. The most important properties that make the IL so attractive include their ability to dissolve a wide range of inorganic and organic compounds, high polarity, low volatility and, as a result, low flammability. Exploitation of these properties led to a widespread use of ionic liquids in chemical synthesis for extraction, separation, catalysis. In the last decades functionalized ILs containing metals such as Fe (II), Fe (III), Zn (II) and Al (III) have been attracting rising interest in both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. For the environmental application ionic liquids have a great potential in extraction of metal ions from polluted industrial and communal waters, fuel desulfurization, and removal of dioxins from exhaust gases and vapors. For the specific purposes, so-called “task-specific” ionic liquids (TSILs) can be obtained. In particular, transition metal-containing ionic liquids, with the IL as a ligand, can be applied in the catalysis of many organic transformations. In comparison with traditional ligand supported systems, transition metal-containing ionic liquids (or so-called ionic transition metal complexes) can offer certain “green” advantages such as stability, efficiency, low toxicity, and reusability. Since iron is one of the most inexpensive and non-pollutant metals, the use of iron-containing ionic liquids in variable organic reactions is of great interest and constantly growing. Liquid/liquid extraction is a very effective analytical method for the recovery and separations of both metal species and organic compounds. The removal of toxic heavy metal ions from wastewater is of great concern in the environmental field of waste and pollution reduction. Room temperature “ionic liquids”, based imidazolium cation containing hydroxyl, carboxyl, 2, 3-epoxypropyl chains have been synthesized us in an attempt to design new functionalized liquids for liquid/liquid extraction of (PTSs) including Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) from water. Herein our preliminary results about mercury compounds from aqueous solutions. Liquid/liquid extraction was carried out by contacting equal volumes of ionic liquid and a aqueous solution of HgCl2 under stirring at room temperature. It should be mentioned that our imidazolium-based ionic liquids, a practically completed transfer of Hg(II) ions was gained. In this communication we describe use of novel imidazolium based iron-containing ionic liquid and its paramagnetic form as Fenton-like process in the treatment of wastewaters polluted with carbamazepine. We present the characterization of catalysts using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Additionally, the formation of photo-sensitized oxygen by spin-trapping using electron spin resonance (ESR) is investigated. The specific objective of this paper is to investigate the removal efficiency of CBZ in the presence of the new Fe-based highly active catalysts containing an imidazolium salt and a Schiff base and the effects of several parameters such as catalyst loading, H2O2 dosage and UV light on the oxidation of selected compound.