The study of micro - and macroelements is one of the most promising and urgent problem highlighted in the program of the National Institute of Health, USA, 2000. Trace amounts of microelements perform a specific physiological function, but pose a serious health hazard in cases of their decrease or increase content in organism. The role of chemical elements in the processes of life activity is in top of scientific interest. The insufficient exploration of this problem makes it impossible creating a unified perfect classification at the present level of knowledge. In our research the application of the XRFA method in food industry is substantiated by the example of its using in the study of milk and dairy products, fast food, drinking water, fish, vegetables, fruits etc. Techniques for the determination of the mass fraction of chemical elements in the samples of plant and animal origin by an XRFA are standardized and certified in Belarus. The determination of quantitative content of chemical elements in some local vegetables and foods was performed. The obtained data are presented in the Table 1. The results indicated a significant microelement content in vegetables: zinc in concentrations from 1.07 mcg/g to 9.49 mcg/g, copper - from 0.34 mcg/g to 1.88 mcg/g, iron - from 1.95 mcg/g to 12.75 mcg/g; macroelements: potassium - from 1060.57 mcg/g to 2838.47 mcg/g, calcium - from 110.28 mcg/g to 989.59 mcg/g. (Table 1) The greatest element contents are observed: for zinc - in the samples of bulb onions and beets; copper - in the samples of potatoes and beets; iron - in potatoes, bulb onions, and beets; potassium - in potatoes and beets; calcium - in the samples of onion. Thus, from the nutrition science standpoint potatoes, onions, and beets are some of the most biologically valuable vegetable cultures growing on the territory of Belarus. The essential elements in concentrations from 1.50 mcg/g (selenium) to 3222.42 mcg/g (potassium) are present in peas. Studies on the bioelement value of medicinal plants have been conducted as well. The obtained data are presented in the Table 2. The analysis of obtained results shows that medicinal plants contain many elements necessary for human activity in higher concentrations than vegetables, cereals, and other foods. Thus, the lack of essential elements in certain foods can be compensated with the introduction of medicinal plants in their composition. The low content of potassium can be compensated using: echinacea (10554.5 mcg/g), lofant (11721.3 mcg/g), calendula (16765.2 mcg/g), marjoram (14507.5 mcg/g); calcium – echinacea (9069.5 mcg/g) and sage (7295.7 mcg/g); chrome – sage (123.8 mcg/g) and raspberry (43.7 mcg/g); iron – sage (678.5 mcg/g), raspberry (340.1 mcg/g), lofant (208.5 mcg/g); copper – motherwort (69.3 mcg/g). The study of a chemical element balance in a biological system “man - habitat”, in a concrete residence territory at the level of a district, a city, a region, will allow to execute the hygienic monitoring of a population health status, to form risk groups for hypo- and hyperelementoses, to assess the interdependence of multilateral relations in a chain “man − habitat”, to make the maps of ecological natural and technogenic disturbances in regions, to substantiate recommendations for the correction of micronutrient imbalance. This can become a leading hygienic criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of prevention measures adapted to the needs of inhabitants in a concrete region of residence.