The most important tuberculosis control action represents the early detection of drug resistant tuberculosis. Cultural methods remain the golden standard of tuberculosis diagnosis, despite of their low sensibility and long duration of cultivation. Modern developments in microbiological diagnostics, especially in rapid molecular tests contribute to an accurate detection of rifampicine and isoniasid resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but don’t identify other type of resistance. During last decade Republic of Moldova encounters a continuous increasing of primary MDR-TB, in average four times: 6.0% in 2003 to 26.35% in 2011 and two times of acquired drug-resistance: 37.5% in 2003 till 63.8% in 2011. International drug resistance surveys demonstrated that mono- and poli-resistant TB are more frequently than the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Inadequate management and standard therapy with first line anti-TB drugs in these cases is not always effective, in consequence many cases will develop the amplification of their resistance till MDR-TB worsening the regional epidemiological situation. That fact argued the strong necessity to perform a local survey targeting poli-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients in order to elaborate measures to strength the treatment effectiveness. Aim of the study was to assess the clinical, radiological and microbiological characteristics of patients with poli-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis detected through drug sensitivity testing on conventional culture methods. It was performed a retrospective, selective study targeting clinical, radiological and microbiological peculiarities of 61 poli-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis cases diagnosed and hospitalized in the Municipal Clinical Hospital of Phthysiopneumology of Chisinau city in the period of 01.01.2013–31.12.2015. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel XP soft. Poli-resistant tuberculosis was defined according to the WHO recommendation as the infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to two and more first line anti-TB drugs (izoniazid (H), rifampicine (R), streptomycine (S), ethambutol (E), with exception the combination of HR. During 3 years in mun. Chisinau, were selected 61 cases with poli-resistant TB, with following spectrum: 48 (78,69%) were resistant to HS, 10 (16,39%) to HES and 3 (4,91%) to HE. Sex distribution identified a male-female ratio 5,1/1, with 51 (83,61%) men and 10 (16,39%) women. Assessing case management it was identified that 47 (77,05%) cases were detected by passive way through the examination of the symptomatics and 14 (22,95%) cases were detected through active screening of high risk groups. Clinical-radiological forms of pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed at the selected patients were infiltrative form in 53 (86,88%) cases, fibrocavitary form – 5 (8,19%) cases and pulmonary disseminated forms 3 (4,91%) cases, being established as new case – 44 (72,13%) patients, retreated for relapse 10 (16,39%) cases, retreated after failure 2 (3,28%) cases and restart after lost from follow-up 5 (8,19%) patients. Radio-imagistic investigations revealed lung destructions in one lung at 27 (44,26%) patients, and in both lungs at 14 (22,91%) cases. One third of cases, 20 (32,78%) patients, were identified only with infiltrative opacities. The patients were treated according to their drug susceptibil ity, with following treatment outcomes: successfuly treated 30 (49,18%) patients, death – 4 (6,55%), failed the treatment one case (1,64%), were lost from follow-up 8 (13,11%) cases, and are still continuing the treatment 18 (29,51%) patients, among them 3 (4,91%) are continuing the DOTS-Plus regimen for MDR-TB. Considering high MDR-TB burden in Republic of Moldova, poli-resistant TB represent the background for first line treatment failure and is one of the cause for development of MDRTB. Early microbiological detection of resistant strains of Mycobacteria will contribute to the onset of an adequate treatment according to its susceptibility and will ensure an optimal treatment outcome with a high cost-effectiveness rate.