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SM ISO690:2012 SIURIS, Andrei, PLĂMĂDEALĂ, Vasile. The chemical composition of the wastes dumped of units of production of alcoholic drinks. In: Ecological and environmental chemistry : - 2017, Ed. 6, 2-3 martie 2017, Chișinău. Chisinau, Republic of Moldova: Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 2017, Ediția 6, pp. 61-62. |
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Ecological and environmental chemistry Ediția 6, 2017 |
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Conferința "Ecological and environmental chemistry 2017" 6, Chișinău, Moldova, 2-3 martie 2017 | ||||||||
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Pag. 61-62 | ||||||||
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As study material served organogenous waste from processing of grapes (wine yeast and vinasse) and the production of ethyl alcohol (grain mash). Waste quantities referred up about 100 thousand tons annually. Accumulating continuously and spilled without any rules they cause environmental pollutant impact. Wine lees are characterized by an acidic environment (pH = 3.5) and a 48% water content. It constitutes an important source of organic matter for soil (47.0%) and agricultural nutrients for plants. Total potassium makes up 2.5%, totalnitrogen - 1.5% and total phosphorus - 0.70%. On average one ton of yeast contains 47 kg NPK. It notes that wine yeasts are concentrated fertilizers. Vinasse is a liquid remaining after the distillation of alcohol from wine. It has an acid environment (pH = 3.4), dry residue in average 15.2 g/l and 13.3% of organic matter. Mineral compounds concentration is 1.99 g/l. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in total make up 0.02%, 0.02% and 0.12% respectively. Potassium monovalent cations are predominant (579 mg/l) and sodium (172 mg/l). The concentrations of divalent cations of calcium and magnesium were on average 106 mg/l and 84 mg/l. Sulphates predominate (79 mg/l). Chlorine content makes up an average of 90 mg/l. The grain mash has a water content of 93% and 6.6% of dry matter. PH value is 3.7 units. Content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium makes up 0.28%, 0.12% and 0.11%. The content of organic substances is 54.4 g/l. The predominant monovalent cations are potassium and sodium (783 mg/l and 450 mg/ l). The concentration of the divalent cations of calcium and magnesium was on average 97 mg/l and 234 mg/l. Sulphates predominate (367 mg/l). The concentration of chlorine makes up on average 299 mg/l. All listed wastes were tested for five years (2011-2015) at Technological-experimental Station "Codru", mun. Chisinau. They can be used as organic fertilizer to fertilize the vineyards and field crops. |
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