Microorganisms play today a very important role in different fields of biotechnology, what is in particular illustrated by this conference. Our comprehension of their importance is reflected in the celebration of “the International Microorganism Day”, the selection of “the Microbe of the Year” etc. But certainly the role of microbes in the biosphere is much greater then that from our anthropocentric point of view. Some ideas of the outstanding Russian microbiologist G.A. Zavarzin (1933–2011) must be mentioned. Developing the conceptions of the other great microbiologist, S.N. Winogradsky (1856-1953) who had shown the role of bacteria in the biosphere as catalysts of chemical reactions in main biogeochemical cycles, G.A. Zavarzin wrote about the central role of bacteria (prokaryotes) in the development of the biosphere and as a consequence about the central place of microbiology in biology and even in natural science. These are bacteria (prokaryotes) that had created the biosphere (which was in the Precambrian the “bacteriosphere”) and continue today to regulate the main biogeochemical cycles, being the basis of the biosphere while the eukaryotes are the superstructure. This idea is reflected also in the Zavarzin’s conception of “the additional evolution”. Many ideas of G.A. Zavarzin in global microbiology can be used successfully in biotechnology, especially“green”. G.A. Zavarzin leaved a great scientific heritage. Today many of his biologicaland philosophical works are of current interest. That’s why the aim of this report is also to present some of his books and other publications that were reedited during last years.