The chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) possess many interesting properties, e.g. a wide optical transparency window from visible to far IR spectral region, high refractive index (typically 2,0 – 3,2). The weaker covalent bonds in CHGs cause significantly lower rigidity and lower softening temperatures relative to oxide glasses. Thus ChGs structure can be easily modified by exposure to bandgap or UV light, or electron and ion beams [1, 2]. Furthermore their composition can be locally modified by exploiting radiation induced diffusion and dissolution of some metals [3]. All these structural/compositional changes result in selective wet or dry etching which allows ChGs surface structuring. Low rigidity and relatively low softening temperatures allows their surface to be also corrugated by direct laser writing method [4]. All these phenomena can be exploited for fabrication of diffractive optical elements (DOE) in these materials and their application as high resolution recording media. It gives them potential to overcome a great number of technical problems in optics, optoelectronics and data storage [1]. Many of their applications require ChGs to be structured on micro and/or even nanoscale. In this paper we present various micro and nanostructuring techniques of chalcogenide glasses and present chemical and physical reasons of phenomena exploited for ChGs structuring. Examples of practical applications are also given.