Currently, most species and populations sturgeon is threatened with extinction. The main causes of decline in the populations of these fish are anthropogenic changes in water systems under the influence of their buildings and too intensive exploitation of sturgeon. A clear example is the fate of the Baltic sturgeon population of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitch., Which in the second half of the twentieth century, completely disappeared (Kolman et al. 2014). In similarly disadvantaged populations are sturgeon of Black Sea basin, which in the 80s of the twentieth century were the source of significant quantities of meat and caviar (Tretyak et al., 2010 Demchenko, Demchenko 2014). In the Dniester basin the presence of 5 species of sturgeon were recorded: Bieluga Huso huso L., Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt, sterlet Acipenser stellatus Pallas, sterlet Acipenser ruthenus L. and Ship sturgeon Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky. Representatives of migratory species of sturgeon occurred from the Black Sea to the rivers and seeped up beating some cases more than 1000 km. The most popular species in the pool Dniester was always semimigratory sterlet. This species performed on the entire length of the river from salted limans to the mountainous sections of the mainstream of the Dniester River and its major tributaries (Khudij 2014). From the upper streams of the upper tributaries of the Dniester sterlet infiltrated to the Bug where the local population were formed. This population existed in the river at the beginning of the twentieth century (Wilkosz 1904). Sterlet ability to create local population enabled the survival of the species after the construction of dams Dniester, a result of which there are two reservoirs: Dniester and Dubossary, and the Dniester Basin has been divided into three isolated zones: the upper, middle and lower. One of the largest natural populations of sterlet in Ukraine remained in the system Upper Dniester – Dniester Dam Reservoir. This was due to two factors: in the dam reservoir good nutrition conditions were available, and the open upper part of the Dniester River and its tributaries guaranteed a favourable way of migration to the spawning grounds of maturing individuals. The results of comparative studies of different sterlets populations showed genetic heterogeneity of the species. In particular it was found a clear genetic distinction of sterlets from the upper Dniester against the remaining population (Fopp-Bayat et al. 2015). It should be noted that in the upper pool Dniester never carried restocking material coming from the other populations. Therefore, in order to maintain proper structure of Dniester sterlet population to rebuild the population in the lower parts of the river basin stocking material coming from local spawners should be used if this is not possible that from the upper Dniester. In the years 2011- 2013 was implemented a joint Polish-Ukrainian project, whose aim was to develop and implement technology stocking material of Dniester population of sterlet. As a result of the project in Fish Farm “Ishkhan” in Baniliv-(circuit. Chernivtsi) was founded certified herd of the upper-dniester sterlet and then conducted a successful artificial reproduction of these fish (Kolman et al. 2012). Hatching and fry was rearing in the basins in recirculation systems. Part of sterlet fry were released into the Dniester and from the others they have created three herds, which were on-growing in the basins RAS at the Institute of Inland Fisheries, in the laboratory of Chernivtsi University and in the ponds of F.F. “Ishkhan” (Kolman et al. 2014). In the spring of 2016 years we conducted the first trial of reproduction of this fish in the Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn. Regardless of the unsatisfactory results of the first reproduction it should be recognized that the process introduce of upper-dniester population of sterlet in aquaculture was started, as guaranteed in the future, reliable source of stocking material for future work on the reconstruction of the natural populations of this species. Well-functioning herd spawners in aquaculture will enable in the future also develop breeding sterlets for consumption. Meat from this fishes has a high taste qualities and high nutritional properties, in particular of a high content of essential fatty acids and amino acids (Khudij et al. 2014 - Archives). This all supports the appropriateness of ongoing work on the restitution of the lost population starlet and restoration of the number of still existing and the parallel development of commercial production of these fish. Both directions of activity are mutually supportive which will ensure a well-deserved return sterlet on our tables and in our rivers.