Lacto -fermented organic waste - a suitable feedstock for growth and reproduction of composting earthworm , Eisenia foetida
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ANDREEV, Nadejda, CREMENEAC, Larisa, TODERASH, Ion, ZUBCOV, Elena, PLESCA, Ana. Lacto -fermented organic waste - a suitable feedstock for growth and reproduction of composting earthworm , Eisenia foetida. In: Sustainable use, protection of animal world and forest management in the context of climate change, 12-13 octombrie 2016, Chișinău. Chișinău: Institutul de Zoologie, 2016, Ediția 9, pp. 93-94. ISBN 978-9975-3022-7-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53937/9789975302272.41
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Sustainable use, protection of animal world and forest management in the context of climate change
Ediția 9, 2016
Conferința "Sustainable use, protection of animal world and forest management in the context of climate change"
Chișinău, Moldova, 12-13 octombrie 2016

Lacto -fermented organic waste - a suitable feedstock for growth and reproduction of composting earthworm , Eisenia foetida

DOI: https://doi.org/10.53937/9789975302272.41

Pag. 93-94

Andreev Nadejda1, Cremeneac Larisa2, Toderash Ion1, Zubcov Elena1, Plesca Ana3
 
1 Institute of Zoology ASM,
2 Scientific and practical institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry Veterinari Medicine,
3 University of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
 
Disponibil în IBN: 13 noiembrie 2018



Teza

In Moldova inadequate management of biodegradable waste for most of the rural and urban communities is one of the most acute challenges. While a small proportion of the rural population uses organic waste e.g cattle manure to fertilize their fields, a vast majority dumps it to unauthorized places or transports it to the village landfills. The spontaneous decomposition of biodegradable waste leads to environmental pollution, production of annoying odors or attraction of various disease vectors such as insects or rodents. At the same time, it is recognized that biodegradable waste is an important source of organic matter and nutrients that can be recycled to the soil. A technology that would allow soil fertilization and rational management of organic waste is vermi-composting. As a result of vermi-composting a quite homogenous, high nutrient content product can be obtained, however the process is lengthy, being extended to up to 4-6 months. Such an extension leads to losses of nitrogen and carbon matter as NH3, N2O and CO2. An overall shortening of the vermi-composting period can be achieved via preliminary pre-treatment via lacto-fermentation. Wood biochar can be added as a bulking agent, to reduce the nutrient losses and stabilize the organic matter. In this study, a lacto-fermented mix of fecal matter, cattle manure, kitchen waste, molasses and lactic acid bacteria supplemented by biochar was compared to cattle manure alone concerning its effect on earthworm growth and reproduction. The organic waste was lacto-fermented for 10 days in closed barrels; sauerkraut brine was used as lactic acid bacteria innoculum. In order to assess the reaction of earthworm Eisenia foetida to lacto-fermented substrate, 20 healthy earthworms were placed in a plastic container with tested material and mortality was assessed after 48 hours. After this test, the lacto-fermented organic waste was conditioned (aerated for one week), the earthworms were introduced in dark plastic boxes of 532 cm2 (14x18x38 cm) were used, with an innoculation density of 1500 specimens/m2and an additional 80 day experiment was performed. Shredded wet newspaper was used as bedding ma94 terial. As a control, stored cattle manure was used. The experiment was carried out in triplicates. Each box contained approximately 1000 g of waste and the total experimental period lasted for 80 days. At the end of the first month, when the substrate volume was reduced, an additional 500 g of waste substrate was added to each container, the feeding load proportion of waste to earthworm biomass being approximately 1:1. Mean earthworm adult weight, number of hatched and viable eggs and earthworm mortality were assessed before and after the experiment. The weight of earthworms was measured by digital jewelery balance with a capacity of 0.01-300 g. The 20 earthworm test showed that without preliminary conditioning (aeration for one week) there was very high earthworm mortality (90%). After one week of aerobic exposure for volatilization of potential toxic substances, the lacto-fermented faeces and biowaste had an overall beneficial effect on earthworm growth and no more mortality was encountered. The mean adult weight of the earthworms grown in containers with lacto-fermented organic waste supplemented by biochar was 1.5 higher than of those grown in cattle manure. At the same time, no shells of hatched cocoons were found in lacto-fermented mix supplemented by biochar as compared to cattle manure, where the number of hatched cocoons was 85.7Ѓ}7.6. Instead, in lacto-fermented mix supplemented by biochar the number of cocoons ready for hatching was increasing only at the end of the experiment as compared to cattle manure, where this was decreasing. The earthworm mortality in cattle manure was also 12 times higher than in lacto-fermented mix supplemented by biochar. One possible explanation is depletion of the necessary earthworm food materials in the cattle manure at the end of experiment. Most probable the decomposition of degradable carbon materials occurred at a faster rate in cattle manure than in the lacto-fermented organic waste supplemented by biochar. Also, a higher electric conductivity (EC) and N-NO3 - content was encountered in the lacto-fermented organic waste and biochar compared to cattle manure (3 and 4 times versus 2 and 3times increase respectively). As a result of 80 day vermi-composting experiment, a 1.5 higher adult body weight and an increase in the number of hatched cocoons of Eisenia foetida was observed when lacto-fermented mix of organic waste was offered compared to untreated, simple stored cattle manure. As the material processed via lacto-fermentation is high in organic acids and anaerobic, preliminary aeration for approximately one week is required before being offered to the earthworms. When earthworms are fed lacto-fermented organic waste a better soil conditioner with a higher N-NO3 - and EC can be obtained than when they are fed on cattle manure.