Zoos is a promising base for research and data collection on reproductive characteristics and biology of rare species, for the implementation of the obtained knowledge, the use of stored genetic material. They represent unique possibility of studying the representatives of a rare species that can be underestimated. Significant is the fact that such research can be carried out in stationary and field conditions and without equipment expensive expeditions. Due to the fact that in zoos the species, as a rule, not one, but several individuals, it becomes apparent that they occupy one of leading places, both in the number and diversity of the preserved gene pool of rare species. Therefore, the need for the establishment of genetic cryobanks of rare and endangered species on the basis of Zoological parks and nurseries with time becomes more obvious. However, cryobanks zoos are being considered as an integral part of a network of zoos and conservation programmes of rare animals in captivity. It is a natural consequence of the very nature of cryobanks of rare species, and of the challenges zoos, certain global Strategy for the protection of Animals zoos. In the world there are now about ten of cryobanks in zoos, mainly in the United States. Significant efforts and some progress in the solution of this problem is achieved by members of the Institute of cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences and the Moscow zoo. However, in Moldova and all over the world work in this direction cannot be considered deployed. The problem is at the level of awareness that zoos occupy a leading place in the world in the number and variety of persistent gene pool of rare species. For breeding animals in zoos is increasingly used methods of artificial breeding, specifically artificial insemination of females. This method is a biotechnological and allows performing genotypic selection of individuals and use the genetic material producers to fertilize many females compared to animals in natural conditions. Improving the efficiency of artificial reproduction of rare species of animals is possible with the use of cryopreserved semen. Despite some of the problems of cryopreservation however, only by this method can be implemented long-term storage of reproductive material and use it as needed. For endangered species, being tribal and a red book that allows you to control genetic processes in populations ex-situ. Cryobanks containing samples of sex products and tissues of animals zoos can be used for molecular biological, biochemical and genetic studies, the study of animal diseases. In addition, they represent a component of the management of genetic structures of artificial populations, including through methods of artificial insemination using cryopreserved material.