Biodiversity adaptations to the climate changes
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MURARIU, Dumitru, WOLOSZYN, Bronislaw. Biodiversity adaptations to the climate changes. In: Sustainable use, protection of animal world and forest management in the context of climate change, 12-13 octombrie 2016, Chișinău. Chișinău: Institutul de Zoologie, 2016, Ediția 9, pp. 18-20. ISBN 978-9975-3022-7-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53937/9789975302272.03
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Sustainable use, protection of animal world and forest management in the context of climate change
Ediția 9, 2016
Conferința "Sustainable use, protection of animal world and forest management in the context of climate change"
Chișinău, Moldova, 12-13 octombrie 2016

Biodiversity adaptations to the climate changes

DOI:https://doi.org/10.53937/9789975302272.03

Pag. 18-20

Murariu Dumitru1, Woloszyn Bronislaw2
 
1 Institutul de Biologie al Academiei Române,
2 Institutul de Sistematică și Evoluție a Animalelor, Cracovia
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 12 noiembrie 2018



Teza

In December 2015, the world celebrated the international climate change agreement reached at the end of United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) held in Paris. Critics believe that the Paris Accord does not go far enough to protect the planet. Nevertheless, the COP21 agreement is widely considered to be the turning point for the world as it is the most far-reaching climate commitment made so far by 195-member states of the United Nations. Against this backdrop, the academic community and other stakeholders from around the world were get-together in Karlsruhe, Germany from the 19th to 21st of October 2016 to examine the pivotal role of education and training in creating a climatefriendly world. The conference provided a global platform to exchange views on integrating climate change and environmental sustainability at all levels of education. During the three-day event, the delegates shared their unique approaches and innovative ideas for preparing students and learners to become responsible leaders and stewards of our planet and transform the world’s fossil fuel-driven economy. This year’s (2016) global gathering of committed and like-minded delegates from across the globe was an opportunity to deliberate on how education can be reshaped to address the 21st century challenges. Further to sharing knowledge on education for sustainability, the upcoming event also provides an excellent networking opportunity with peers and experts in Europe and beyond. At the break of day of the hominid species (in Pleistocen), the biodiversity faced with fluctuations and high concentrations of CO2 in atmosphere, with climatic and precipitation variations, supporting important evolutionary changes and adopting new strategies of adaptations to the new natural conditions. But those climatic changes developed a longer period of time, enough to allow to the biodiversity. to adapt or migrate and the land was not so much fragmented as today; there was not the actual pressure and impact of human activities. Habitat degradation and fragmentation pushed many species to smaller and smaller areas from their former range. It was proved that restricted species distribution is reflecting in reducing their genetic variability. The interglaciary warming periods affected much less the ecosystems and generally biodiversity than the alarming climate changes recently appeared. Up to 2100 (with today rhythm of the global mean temperature rising of the green-house effect) the temperature will be with 1.4°C – 5.8°C higher. The impact of these climate changes will be: - increase of the global mean sea level; - deep modifications of the rainfall quantities; - increasing risks to human population, because of new (unknown) disease vectors. Understanding the global biodiversity spoliation because of the climate changes, the international forums in the field had concluded these changes will be most important factors which will determine significant loss of biodiversity up to the end of 21st century. (U.N.). At the same time, optimistic signals on the support and adaptations capacity of biodiversity to the impact of climatic phenomenon would be, if they were producing slowly, in a longer period of time. In relation between climate changes and biodiversity, this one can resist (at least temporary) by: - physiological, morphological and ethological behaviours; - favourable mutations will be encouraged; - suitable adaptations to use the new habitat resources; - changes of the life cycles; - new morphological characters; - increasing resistance to the unfavourable factor pressure, etc. Adaptations are at the individual, populational and especially at the ecosystem level. Inside and between species’ relations, the biodiversity can adopt suitable strategies to use the ecosystem’s resources by: - sustainable management to protect the coastline areas (mangroove forests and pioneer plant associations); - preservation of the plain and coastline wetlands to reduce the flooding effects; - preservation of the higher altitude wetlands, as a source of the rivers’ flow and the fresh/drinking water’s quality. Under the climate changes, all species will be drastically tested on their capacity to adapt and finding genetic resources to the populational level will be the basic premise to generate new species.It is possible to foresee coming into being at the global and national levels of new species, with surprising adaptive capacities, to resist to the unusual thermic variations or to the high aridity and to reduced precipitations. Between measures to help biodiversity adaptations we can mention: - Maintaining and restoration of forests (risk of deforestation) for slopes stabilization and river’s flow regularization. - Practicing agro-foresting systems to diminish the climate change risks. - Conservation of the agro-biodiversity’s genetic fund to ensure the gene-flow of the cereal and zootechnical species, with high resistance and adapted to the climate changes. - Reducing agricultural activities in the affected areas and adopting suitable measures to protect natural and deminatural habitats close to the agricultural areas. - Identification of the compensatory measures, necessary to survive the affected population/species; - Reduce the impact of the industrial activities on the phreatic waters and air quality, isolating them with forestry curtains.ted areas, restoration of those degraded and their extension to the favourable areas. So that, the flexibility and predictions play an important role in alerting scientists and decision makers to potential biodiversity’s future risks. Predictions provide a means to bolster attribution of biological modifications to climate change and can support the development of proactive strategies to reduce climate change impacts on biodiversity. Why alert? Because the biodiversity services and products are at the base of the human species outliving.