Illegal logging and associated trade and corruption made FLEG – forest law enforcement and governance, become an inter-state initiative meant to address problems that forest ecosystems are facing nowadays. In 2005, representatives of 44 governments from Europe and Northern Asia signed the St. Petersburg Declaration, thus committing themselves to address illegal logging and forest governance. In 2008, the European Commission in partnership with the World Bank, WWF and IUCN teamed up to implement the first Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (FLEG) Program in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine (the ENPI FLEG program) – these countries have all together more than 20% of the world’s forests. Moldova joined the FLEG process in 2009 and cooperation with the forestry authorities (i.e. Agency Moldsilva with its 25 forestry enterprises), local public authorities, and NGOs was set based on principles of sustainable forest development. The results of the 1st phase (2009-2012) of the program were analytical studies of wood consumption and illegal logging, new proposed visions to improve legal and normative frame, circa 2500 ha of community land under forest management planning work, and an ample awareness campaign. All this boosted the Forest Institutional Reform Strategy of Moldova (FIRSM), a document elaborated under FLEG data and submitted to the Government in 2012. Phase 2nd (2014-2016) of the program stayed on the established partnership with Moldsilva and its entities, several studies carried out (e.g. forest ecosystem services forest dependency, revenue loss from unsustainable use), a comparative legal analysis conducted, a dialogue and communication platform with the large public supported by a number of activities, and more focus put on working with local public authorities (e.g. circa 5000 ha of community forest land covered with forest management plans). For Moldova, with its fewer forests concentrated mainly in the central region (circa 13,7% of the territory covered with forest vegetation, but forest ecosystems may represent some 8%, the rest being plantations) and water shortage (e.g. more frequent droughts over the last decades), the climate change is a true challenge. Climatic prognosis for the next 20-80 years forecast an increase in annual temperature as well as a decrease in levels of precipitation. According to “Moldova: Forest Policy Note”, significant changes will take place up to 2099, when large areas of tree dying out will expand from one region to others, but strongly aggravating towards South. Changes in environment may cause other effects on forest vegetation, from species composition and invasive exotics penetrating across forest habitats to a decrease in biologic potential of existing forest ecosystems to offer indispensable services and products. It is extremely important for the Moldovan forestry authorities to take all these into consideration, especially when strategic plans are built and decisions to rationally use existing forests are made. International practices, especially of neighboring countries (i.e. Romania and Ukraine) may offer good lessons, and trans-boundary cooperation with these countries can bring governments and nations to contribute to a better environment and sustainable development. Although FLEG program will finalize by the end of 2016, its results may give life to other incentives and projects. Thus, the World Bank is now working on a Climate Change and Afforestation investment project to help several sector of national economy better adapt to the climate change. WWF will probably continue its wood traceability cooperation with Agency Modlsilva, spanning also on to other forest owners. IUCN is trying to foster FLR (Forest Landscape Restoration) initiative by involving more local communities.